1. Human identification: the anthropologist’s role Dana Austin, Ph.D. Diplomate, American Board of Forensic Anthropology Tarrant County Medical Examiner District Fort Worth, TX

2. 12/17/2008 Traditional Forensic Anthropology Identification  Comparative Osteology/Human Osteology  Craniometry/Osteometry  Ancestral morphology  Sex identification  Age estimation  Radiological comparison  Facial reconstruction

3. 12/17/2008 Traditional Anthropology Method Limitations  Generalizations only  Biological Profile  Individualizing Traits  Exclusions are possible  Positive identification not possible

4. 12/17/2008 Unidentified Skeletal Remains 1963  White Female  35-40 years of age  5’5” to 5’7”, 135-140 lbs  Light brown or dark blond hair  Large nose with high bridge  8 dental restorations  Ladies jacket, green with gold lining  Blue teen-age type socks  PMI greater than 6 months

5. 12/17/2008 Death Investigation thru 1964  D.P.S., Crime Briefs Bulletin  Newspaper story with facial drawing of female  Case submitted to Dallas PD, DPS Austin, FBI, LA State Police, Am. Dental Assn, OK DPS,  Comparison of dental records with missing women in OK, LA, TX, CA, PA

6. 12/17/2008 2004 Analysis  White MALE  33-45 years of age  5’4” to 5’11”  Long term infection of middle ears  PMI less than 1 year

7. 12/17/2008 Male Features

8. 12/17/2008 Postmortem Interval

9. 12/17/2008 Infection Lesions of Skull

10. 12/17/2008

12. Facial reconstruction by Suzanne Baldon, MA Presented to Media

13. 12/17/2008 Generalizations  Kenneth Glaze  White male  35 years old  Relative tells detective that Kenneth always suffered with his ears  Disappeared August 1963 (PMI=4 mos)  Unidentified Skeleton  White male  33-45 years of age  5’4” to 5’11”  Long term infection of middle ears  PMI less than 1 year

14. 12/17/2008 And….the facial reconstruction looks great  Its not enough for a scientifically proven positive identification

15. 12/17/2008 Positive Identification  Identification confirmed via mitochondrial DNA comparison with maternal relative

16. 12/17/2008 What did we do in the old days?  Decedents with a good tentative id were buried as John & Jane Doe  A lot of time and resources were used to try to locate obscure medical or dental records

17. 12/17/2008 Jane Doe 1991 Biological profile, clothing & jewelry description released to media

18. 12/17/2008 Unidentified Female 1991  Body was mummified  Fingerprints were obtained from some fingers  Fingerprints were compared to known missing white females, but the quality of the print wasn’t good enough  Body buried as unidentified

19. 12/17/2008 2008 Identification  Fingerprints sent to Department of Homeland Security, Biometric Support Center  They were able to confirm identity with an IAFIS hit  This female was a possible match in 1991

20. 12/17/2008 Today we have more resources  Digital radiographs  Improved clarity  Retention by hospitals  Amelogenin marker tells us the sex  CODISmp

21. 12/17/2008 Isolated Skeletal Elements C. 1999 Arlington PD B. 1995 Fort Worth PD A. 1995 Euless PD

22. 12/17/2008 A B C

23. Robust Skeleton

24. 12/17/2008 Large mastoid process Brow Ridge

25. 12/17/2008 Long mid-face

26. 12/17/2008 Inca Bone Elliptical Palate Shape

27. 12/17/2008 Slight Lipping of Joint Surfaces

28. 12/17/2008 1995 & 1999 cases  Amelogenin marker tells us all are male  XY  This eliminates half of our possibles (in theory)  CODISmp associated these bones with one another  This allowed a more detailed UNID entry including dental and stature information and allowed for a modified age estimation.

29. 12/17/2008 Resources  www.namus.gov www.namus.gov  www.baldonart.com www.baldonart.com  www.txdpsmpch.gov www.txdpsmpch.gov