1. ©2011 Cengage Learning

2. Chapter 7 ©2011 Cengage Learning COMMUNITY GROWTH PATTERNS

3. Economic activity is the foundation for communities Economic activity has a major effect on both the location of a community and the value and use of real estate within the community. Land use patterns develop to support basic economic activity. Therefore, economic motives will eventually influence how land is allocated among competing users. ©2011 Cengage Learning Land–Use Patterns

4. Land goes to the user who is willing to pay the highest price “Highest and Best Use” is the legal use that will produce the highest capitalized net income return to the land after allowing for the cost of the building/site improvements. ©2011 Cengage Learning

5. The patterns of land use appear to be determined by Competition of Uses Economics of Succession Comparative Advantage The Rule of Imperfection Principle of Change ©2011 Cengage Learning

6. Non-economic factors in land use include: Political Forces Social Forces ©2011 Cengage Learning

7. Political Controls are Dominant Police power Eminent domain ©2011 Cengage Learning

8. Land-use patterns helps to show how values are influenced - based on location. Change is constant and the highest and best use is always changing. Change must be monitored to estimate how the community structure is changing. ©2011 Cengage Learning Looking at the Structure of Communities

9. Community Structure Research tools & data available determine how examined. Land use maps Population density, traffic counts, school enrollment, crime rates, census data, age distribution, & condition of housing. ©2011 Cengage Learning

10. One of the earliest concepts was developed in Bavaria by Johan von Thunen in 1826 A predictable circular ring pattern Central Facilities Homes Crops Grazing ©2011 Cengage Learning Thunen’s concept of accessibility is fundamental to the study of land-use patterns.

11. ©2011 Cengage Learning Figure 7.1 A Simplified Pattern of Land Use in Cities

12. Burgess concept of the city ring pattern: Commercial and offices Older homes Low and middle-cost housing Higher-priced homes and shops ©2011 Cengage Learning

13. Figure 7.2 The Influence of Topography on the Circular City

14. ©2011 Cengage Learning Effects of Transportation on City Shape for Cities with 100,000 People

15. In 1945 Harris and Ullman suggested the dominant concept in city shape was multiple nuclei This is where each land use responds in a different way to topography, transportation, and other influences. Factors of location Amenities of location Topography Transportation Political and social constraints on growth ©2011 Cengage Learning

16. Richard Nelson in 1958 suggested four urban models: Commerce City- metropolitan center Center Town- medium-sized city Countyville- rural trading area Forest Lake- dormitory suburb for a larger city ©2011 Cengage Learning

17. Major land use patterns Concentric Circle Theory Central Axial Theory Wedge/Sector Theory Multiple Nuclei Theory ©2011 Cengage Learning

18. Figure 7.6 Multiple Nuclei in City Growth Patterns

19. New Technologies Impact Land Use Patterns Internet for improved communication Teleconferencing Fax machines Just-in-Time Distribution systems ©2011 Cengage Learning

20. The Effects of Transportation Change Transportation played a critical role in how land is used. Each location has advantages based on the ability of transportation and associated costs. Changes in transportation produce changes in land use patterns and where businesses make the most profit. ©2011 Cengage Learning

21. The location of land uses seems to be the result of the competition between the drawing power of the existing buildings and the changing accessibility to people. ©2011 Cengage Learning