1. 1. _____the breaking of minerals unevenly (minerals) 2.. _____ type of mechanical weathering occurs when water contracts and expands in rocks (weathering) 3.. _____process builds up land (erosion and deposition) 4.. _____ extremely slow movement of material downslope (gravity) 5.. _____ What do glaciers create? (glaciers) __

2. 1. What is soil? 2. What are the composition of soil? 3. What is the parent rock? 4. What affects the formation of soil?

3. 1. Soil is made of weathered rock (small mineral fragments) and organic matter. 1. Soil is made of weathered rock (small mineral fragments) and organic matter.

4. 2. Components- 2. Components-  Weathered Rock-sand, silt, clay Organic matter- living or once living materials Ex humus (decayed plant and animal) Organic matter- living or once living materials Ex humus (decayed plant and animal) Other-water and air Other-water and air

5. 3. The parent rock is the source of the soil. 3. The parent rock is the source of the soil.

6. 4. Factors that affect soil formation 4. Factors that affect soil formation Climate-soil forms more quickly in warm, wet environments Climate-soil forms more quickly in warm, wet environments Parent rock-some rocks weather faster than others Parent rock-some rocks weather faster than others Organisms-soil forms more quickly with plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi Organisms-soil forms more quickly with plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi Topography-more quickly soil forms on steep slopes and on top of other soil Topography-more quickly soil forms on steep slopes and on top of other soil Time-takes thousand or million of years to form