1. Enzymes In Depth With pH!

2. pH

6. Enzymes Globular proteins Built from amino acids that have acidic and basic characteristics – Amino acids have both a carboxylic acid (COOH) and amine (NH3) groups

7. Enzymes R-COOH  C-COO -1 + H+1 R-NH3 +1  R-NH2 + H+1 Ionic bonds Increase solution pH can shift equilibrium

8. Active sites have R groups R groups help substrates attach to active site Only works if the arrangement of R groups interact properly

9. +/- H = Hydrogen bonding R = Van der Waals bonding

10. At optimal pH Enzyme attaches to substrate with 2 ionic bonds Groups allow for ionic bonding (caused by a transfer of H ion from COOH in the side chain of one amino acid to a NH2 group

11. Acidic pH Nothing will bother the NH3 + but the COO will want a H ion – pH (acid = more H ions; basic = more OH ions) No ionic bond can form 

12. Basic pH COO- will not be affected But NH3+ will lose a H No ionic bond will form 