1. Review from Yesterday…. Rhetoric vs. Dialectic Deduction : conclusion is necessitated by, or reached from the previously stated facts (premises). Remember syllogism??? Inductive : stated facts or premises support the conclusion, but do not ensure it. All observed crows are black; therefore All crows are black.

2. What is an enthymeme? What type of reasoning? (deductive or inductive) Is it under Dialectic or Rhetoric? Of course he is dumb, he is a rocket scientist. What is the implied premise here? Note: Inductive reasoning is Dialectic and examples are for Rhetoric.

3. Aristotle’s Rhetoric Summary Paragraph 1. Rhetoric “observes” the art of persuasion. Rhetoric can be used towards any subject. 2. Two parts are needed for the art of persuasion: a. a set of facts b. an argument created around those facts 3. There are three parts that can influence the effectiveness of a persuasive argument a. the character of the speaker b. putting the audience in a certain frame of mind or motivating them c. and the proof

4. Paragraph Summaries cont… 4. There are three factors that affect persuasion, the speaker should: a. reason logically b. understand human character and goodness c. understand the nature of emotions Rhetoric is often misplaced under the subject of political science, but it is most closely related to the dialectic, and both have the sole purpose of crafting arguments on ANY topic. 5.When talking about the dialectic proofs are given in the form of inductions and syllogisms (deductive reasoning). When talking about rhetoric proofs given in the form of examples and enthymemes. When given the choice to use examples or enthymemes in forming your persuasive argument, which type of proof will “excite the greater applause”?

5. Paragraph Summaries cont… 6. Rhetoric concerns itself with what is likely to be true for many people not just one person. Proofs in rhetoric are formulated around topics that are credible (real) and topics that offer alternative possibilities. 7. A listener will reject an argument if: a. the argument is presented with complicated reasoning b. the argument is based on premises that are not well-proven or widely accepted 8. Enthymemes (Rhetoric) relate to syllogisms (Dialectic) as _______________________ (Rhetoric) relate to inductions (Dialectic). An enthymeme is a rhetorical proof that collapses the syllogism by omitting the most obvious of its premises. “Of course he’s dumb, he’s a rocket scientist.”

6. Things to consider when reading paragraphs 9 – 12… A. Enthymemes are created from… Probabilities The listener must accept that something is likely to occur. Signs The listener must believe that they exist and accept that they indicate the existence of something else. Why is the following argument flawed? “Wise men are just, since Socrates is just.”

7. B. “…people fail to notice that the more correctly they handle their particular subject the further they are getting from pure rhetoric or dialectic,” (p. 3). Arguing along “special Lines of Argument” leads to the creation of a new science/art… OR The more specific you are when arguing your topic the further you are from rhetoric and closer you are just discussing your topic/science.