1. Jehoshua (Shuki) Bruck

2. From Screws to Systems…

3. The Lineage of BMW

4. C. Elegans Lineage total of 959 cells 302 nerve cells 131 cells are destined to die

5. A HUGE Gap between Ability to Design and Analyze DesignAnalysis

6. Key to the Progress in Design: Abstractions in Information Systems Reasoning to Calculations to Physical Circuits Circuits Boolean Calculus Logical reasoning

7. Key to the Progress in Design: Abstractions in Information Systems Base 10 100 10 1 2 7 1 2x100 + 7x10 + 1x1 = 271

8. Key to the Progress in Design: Abstractions in Information Systems Connection between Boolean Calculus and Arithmetic 4 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0x4 + 1x2 + 0x1 = 2 0x4 + 1x2 + 1x1 = 3 Base 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 + 1 0 1 1x4 + 0x2 + 1x1 = 5 Adding two binary numbers can be expressed using Boolean Algebra

9. Connection between Boolean Calculus and Physical Circuits a b c ed SD dcbacedeabf  Key to the Progress in Design: Abstractions in Information Systems

10. a b c ed SD dcbacedeabf  Key to the Progress in Design: Abstractions in Information Systems Connection between Boolean Calculus and Physical Circuits

11. Key to the Progress in Design: Abstractions in Information Systems Shannon 1916-2001 Boolean Algebra to Electrical Circuits Logic Design Connected Logic with Algebra Boolean Algebra Logical Calculation Boole 1815-1864 Arithmetic to Boolean Calculus to Physical Circuits

12. The First Digital Adder George Stibitz - 1937 George Stibitz was born in 1904 in New York City. He worked at Bell Labs in New York. In the fall of 1937 Dr. Stibitz used surplus relays, tin can strips, flashlight bulbs, and other common items to construct his "Model K" (K stands for kitchen table) breadboard digital calculator, which was designed to display the result of the addition of two bits.

13. A HUGE Gap between Ability to Design and Analyze DesignAnalysis

14. An IST Related Challenge Understanding Natural Information Systems Closing the gap between wonderful measurements and poor understanding Abstract Information Systems to formal systems to human reasoning Natural systems Calculus Logical reasoning

15. Information Science and Technology Planning Committee May 2002 – January 2003 Research foci and intellectual challenges Academic programs Resource planning Organization and road map What Should Caltech do in IST?

16. IST at Caltech Multidisciplinary Research Program Research centers involving members of Caltech at large Multidisciplinary Academic Program Engineering and Science with focus on Information Outreach programs Summer Schools, Executive programs, visitor programs, workshops, … Caltech should become the first Research University with focus on IST which integrates engineering and science at a the institute level Key differentiator in recruiting high quality faculty and students

17. IST Division (school/college) at Caltech IST CS, EE, APH, ACM, CNS, CDS Chemistry Physics Biology Social Science Mathematics Economics Involving about 25% of the faculty and 35% of the students undergraduate and graduate programs

18. IST Evolution at Caltech IST Planning Committee 5/2002 – 1/2003 IST Research Centers 7/2003 IST Division 2005-2006 IST Faculty Hiring 2003- IST Academic Planning 2004-2005 IST Building Planning 2003-

19. IST Physics of Information Circuitry of Life Four New Research Centers Started in the Fall of 2003 Science of Markets Mathematics of Information Active IST Community at Caltech

20. Information is a First Order Concept IST is the academic program for the ‘generalist’ of the information age like Physics was the academic program for the ‘generalist’ of the industrial age

21. C. Elegans Lineage total of 959 cells 302 nerve cells 131 cells are destined to die

22. Control via Stochastic Chemical Reactions A B C D E F G 1 2 5 4 3 AGE GDF FED DCB CBA k k k k k      5 4 3 2 1

23. Chemical Reactions Circuits 1 2 5 4 3

24. 1 2 5 4 3

25. 1 2 5 4 3

26. 1 2 5 4 3

27. 1 2 5 4 3

28. 1 2 5 4 3

29. 1 2 5 4 3

30. Bio Circuits vs. Combinational Logic Circuits Cyclic vs. acyclic (feedback) Relations vs. functions Stochastic vs. deterministic

31. Bio Circuits vs. Combinational Logic Circuits Joint Work with Marc Riedel Cyclic vs. acyclic (feedback) Relations vs. functions Stochastic vs. deterministic

32. optimal circuit for a function f without cycles optimal circuit for a function f with cycles Cycles: a Feature or a Bug? optimize for cost (area) Performance (delay)

33. Circuits With Cycles abc 1 f 2 f 3 f Generally exhibit time-dependent behavior May have unstable/unknown outputs

34. Generally exhibit time-dependent behavior May have unstable/unknown outputs 01 1 ? ?? Circuits With Cycles

35. The Role of Cycles in Circuit Design? Best paper award in 2003 Design Automation Conference Developed the theory and symbolic analysis methodology for cyclic combinational circuits Developed synthesis techniques for cyclic circuits Caltech Cyclify = a software package for the design of combinational circuits with cycles Integrated Caltech Cyclify with the Berkeley design tools Evaluated benchmark circuits and compared with the Berkeley design tools

36. Optimization for Area and Delay Berkeley SISCaltech CYCLIFY benchmarkAreaDelayAreaImprovementDelayImprovement p82175191674.57%1521.05% t1343173274.66%1417.65% in3599405931.00%3317.50% in2590345585.42%2914.71% 5xp12102318014.29%224.35% bw280282549.29%2028.57% s510452284441.77%2414.29% s1566365424.24%3113.89% duke2742387163.50%3410.53% s14881016439952.07%3420.93% s149410904610791.01%3915.22% Area: number of NAND2/NOR2 gates Delay: 1 time unit/gate

37. Abstractions for Design of Information Systems Reasoning to Systems Shannon 1916-2001 Turing 1912-1954 Leibniz 1646-1716 Boole 1815-1864 Logic and Binary system Calculus Connected Logic with Algebra Boolean Algebra Logical Calculation Defined Computing via universal machines Computer Science Connected Boolean Algebra to Electrical Circuits Logic Design Connected probability to Communications Information Theory Calculus for Biology?? Natural systems to reasoning!!

38. ist.caltech.edu Enjoy your visit to Caltech!!