1. Fungus Picture Notes

2. are divided into the phyla
Concept Map
Section 21-2
Fungi
are divided into the phyla
Ascomycota
Zygomycota
Basidiomycota
Deuteromycota
includes
includes
includes
includes
Common molds
Sac fungi
Club fungi
Imperfect fungi

3. B D C E A

4. Rhizoid: rootlike hypha that penetrates the surface of an object
Sporangium: structure that contains spores
Sporangiophore: specialized hyphae where sporangia are found
Spores: haploid reproductive cell
Stolon: a stem like hypha that runs along the surface of an object

5. Figure 21-5 The Life Cycle of Rhizopus
Section 21-2
Zygospore (2N)
Spores (N)
Sporangium
+ Mating type (N)
Stolons
Rhizoids
- Mating type (N)
Sporangiophore
Gametangia
FERTILIZATION
MEIOSIS
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Diploid
Haploid

6. Sac Fungi- Yeast
bud
cell wall
nucleus
vacuole
cytoplasm

7. Ascomycota (Sac Fungi) Structures
Bud: reproductive product after yeast cells undergo budding Cell Wall: protective structure surrounding yeast cell Cytoplasm: liquid material that transport substances within the yeast cell Nucleus: control center of yeast cell that holds genetic information Vacuole: storage site for yeast cell

9. Figure 21-8 The Life Cycle of a Basidiomycete
Section 21-2
Fruiting body (N + N)
Button
Secondary mycelium (N + N)
Primary mycelium (N)
+ Mating type (N)
- Mating type (N)
Basidiospores (N)
Zygote (2N)
Basidia (N + N)
Gills lined with basidia
Gills
Stalk
Base
Cap
FERTILIZATION
HYPHAE FUSE
Haploid
Diploid
MEIOSIS

10. cap
gills
basidium
stipe
rhizoids

11. Basidium: spore-bearing structure of a basidiomycete
Cap: top section of the fruiting body
Gills: downward like projection structures that hold the basidium
Rhizoids: a root like hypha that penetrates the surface of an object
Stipe: base of the fruiting body

12. Figure 21-2 The Structure of a Mushroom
Section 21-1
Fruiting body
Hyphae
Mycelium

13. Fruiting body:
reproductive structure of fungus that develops from a mycelium
Hyphae: tiny filament that makes up a multicellular fungus or a water mold
Mycelium: many hyphae tangled together into a thick mass

14. Hyphae Structure Section 21-1 Hyphae With Cross Walls
Nuclei
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Cross wall
Hyphae With Cross Walls
Hyphae Without Cross Walls

15. Figure 21-7 The Life Cycle of an Ascomycete
Section 21-2
Hypha (N)
Conidiophore
Conidia (N)
+ Mating type (N)
- Mating type (N)
8 Ascospores (N)
Ascus
Zygote (2N)
Ascus (N + N)
Fruiting body (N + N)
Hyphae (N + N)
Gametangia
Asci
Hyphae (N)
Diploid
Haploid
FERTILIZATION
HYPHAE FUSE
MEIOSIS
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction

16. Interest Grabber continued
Section 21-3
Classify each of the following fungi as decomposers, parasites, or organisms that live in a mutually beneficial relationship with another species.
1. A network of fungi covers the roots of fir trees. The trees provide the fungi with food, and the fungi help the tree roots absorb water.
2. Fungi living on growing corn stalks destroy corn kernels.
3. Mushrooms growing on a fallen log obtain food from the decaying wood.

17. Section Outline 21–3 Ecology of Fungi A. All Fungi Are Heterotrophs
B. Fungi as Decomposers
C. Fungi as Parasites
1. Plant Diseases
2. Human Diseases
3. Other Animal Diseases
D. Symbiotic Relationships
1. Lichens
2. Mycorrhizae

18. Click the image to play the video segment.
Fungi
Click the image to play the video segment.
Video 1

19. Lichen Structure Section 21-3 Densely packed hyphae
Layer of algae/ cyanobacteria
Loosely packed hyphae
Densely packed hyphae

22. Go Online Interactive test Articles on fungi
For links on fungi go to and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-6211.
For links on asexual reproduction, go to and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-6212.
Internet

23. Interest Grabber Answers
1. What are some things that you know about mushrooms?
Possible answers: Mushrooms grow from the soil in dark, damp places. They are eaten by animals, including people. They are soft.
2. Would you classify mushrooms as an animal, a plant, or something else? Give reasons for your answer.
Students will likely say that mushrooms should be classified as something other than plants or animals. Possible reasons: Mushrooms grow in soil, as plants do, but they aren’t green. Mushrooms aren’t animals because they don’t move from place to place as animals do.
Section 1 Answers

24. Interest Grabber Answers
1. List as many examples of fungi that you can.
Mushrooms, mold, yeast, mildew, truffles
2. How are fungi helpful to humans?
They are sources of food and are used in making bread, wine, and medicines.
3. How are fungi harmful to humans?
Some are poisonous and can cause illness or death.
Section 2 Answers

25. Interest Grabber Answers
Classify each of the following fungi as decomposers, parasites, or organisms that live in a mutually beneficial relationship with another species.
1. A network of fungi covers the roots of fir trees. The trees provide the fungi with food, and the fungi help the tree roots absorb water.
Organisms that live in a mutually beneficial relationship with another species
2. Fungi living on growing corn stalks destroy corn kernels.
Parasites
3. Mushrooms growing on a fallen log obtain food from the decaying wood.
Decomposers
Section 3 Answers

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