1. War Languages: Feminists as warrior women Vesa Matteo Piludu University of Helsinki Department of Art Research

2. Novellist - Activist In 19th Century France, two types of women writers stood out: the novelist who intertwined her political view within the story, and the political activist who outrightly fought women's oppression in society and the household

3. Negative ”warrior woman”: the feminist In 1848, Edouard de Beaumont created a series of images called Les Vesuviennes, which depicted the Parisian women as "women warriors" or feminists Beaumont used a type of role reversal to shock the viewer

4. Beaumont's Banquet Femino-Socialiste women's freedom was associated with the destruction of family Irony: a pregnant women is, according to Beaumont, protesting against the family

5. La Femme Libre ?

6. Octave Tasaert's Le Roman, 1852 A proper 19th century woman ?

7. Octave Tasaert's Le Roman, 1852 it expressed the faults of the modern woman Rather than tending to her maternal and spousal duties … the woman "mindlessly sponge absorbing dangerous lessons from novels." Bergman-Carton, Janis. The Woman of Ideas in French Art, 1830- 1848. Yale University Press, New Haven 1995. Page 111. fire and the darkness all around her only reinforces the sinful motif Fire: hell, passion

8. Madame de Stael: Exiled for a novel Madame de Stael wrote the book Delphine. A story of one woman fighting the social codes of France in an attempt to gain individual freedom. Amongst other topics, the book addressed divorce and social unacceptance of spinsterhood. Napolean reacted to her book and her political views by exiling Stael from France

9. George Sand, novellist I solemnly vow … that I shall raise woman from her abject position, both through my self and my writing, God will help me!...let female slavery also have its Spartacus. That shall I be, or perish in the attempt." George Sand in a letter to Frederic Girerd, 1837

10. Congres Masculino-Foemino-Literaire Author unknown The woman on the right is probably George Sand She was notorious for wearing men's clothing common assumptions: women writers were rude, vulgar and masculine women

11. 1836: Gazette des Femmes the Gazette was written by an elite upper class of both male and female bourgeois

12. Nadar's Pictorial Biography of George Sand (Barry, Joseph. Infamous Woman: the life of George Sand Doubleday & Co, New York 1977)

13. Flora Tristan: author and date ? active in the feminist movement in the mid 1830s, arguing for divorce and against gender constraints she saw herself as "the woman messiah” Flora Tristan was never actually arrested she was indeed under the surveillance of the police for the last few years of her life Christ-like stance