1. The Cattle Kingdom By Mrs. White

2. Longhorns l Brought by Spaniards in 1500’s l Horns may be 6 ft. wide l Run fast l 1700’s and 1800’s: Herds grew American and Mexican settlers began ranches in South Texas Longhorns used to start herds

3. Longhorn Pics

4. Early Texas Ranchers l King Ranch is best known l Begun by Richard King l Became larger than the state of Rhode Island l Near Corpus Christi

5. Rise of Cattle Business l BEFORE CIVIL WAR Millions of longhorns in Texas Sold for only $4 each Ranchers raised cattle for leather and for tallow, or fat, which was used in candles and soap l AFTER CIVIL WAR Northern cities wanted beef Price of longhorns rose from $4 to $40 Northern cities made cattle ranchers more money Cattle drives began One trail used was Chisolm Trail to Abilene, Kansas http://www.westegg.com/inflation/

6. Famous Women Ranchers l Margarita Villareal l Florencia Bonavide l Paula Rodriguez, l Lizzie Johnson Williams l Margaret Heferman Borland l Could own land, but could not vote!!

7. Cowhands/Cowboys l Drove the cattle north to Kansas l 1/4 were Mexican or African American l Began with spring roundup - cattle branded l Long drive began - took about three months l Moved cattle 15 miles a day l Leader was trail boss l Had to be ready for stampedes

8. End of the Cattle Kingdom l The end began when farmers began sharing the plain and fencing their land. l Ranchers began fencing their land, too. l Fences: Before 1870 - rocks or wood 1873 - Joseph Glidden of Illinois - sold barbed wire - a twisted wire with sharp points Led to fighting Made long drives harder l Drives ended when railroads were built into Texas