1. Welcome to Class! Warm up: What is the difference between a stockyard and a packinghouse?

2. Sheep and Goats, too! CATTLE ranching was big business in Texas rather than a way of life. CATTLE ranching was big business in Texas rather than a way of life. Herds of sheep and GOATS were also raised on ranches across the state. Herds of sheep and GOATS were also raised on ranches across the state.

3. The end of the Open Range? The success of the ranching industry was also the cause of its DECLINE. The success of the ranching industry was also the cause of its DECLINE. So many ranchers moved into Texas that the open range became crowded. Soon, it was too difficult to keep TRACK of everyone’s herds. So many ranchers moved into Texas that the open range became crowded. Soon, it was too difficult to keep TRACK of everyone’s herds.

4. Farmers and ranchers battled between each other. Farmers and ranchers battled between each other. Cattle trampled small farms and fences during a cattle drive. Cattle trampled small farms and fences during a cattle drive. They cut and destroyed fences and burned pasture land resulting in gunfights and lower property values. They cut and destroyed fences and burned pasture land resulting in gunfights and lower property values.

5. Barbed Wire In 1873, Joseph F. Glidden invented BARBED WIRE. People could not believe that cattle would move to the center of a barb- wired pen, but it WORKED! In 1873, Joseph F. Glidden invented BARBED WIRE. People could not believe that cattle would move to the center of a barb- wired pen, but it WORKED!

6. The Open Range is Fenced Off Barbed wire spread across the state, fencing off individual farms and RANCHES, but some people hated that the open range was coming to its end and closing the Frontier! Barbed wire spread across the state, fencing off individual farms and RANCHES, but some people hated that the open range was coming to its end and closing the Frontier! Fence CUTTING became a major problem because of RUSTLERS (cattle thieves) and others who resented the closing of the range. Fence CUTTING became a major problem because of RUSTLERS (cattle thieves) and others who resented the closing of the range.

7. Range Wars The fighting was referred to as “RANGE WARS”… The fighting was referred to as “RANGE WARS”… Fighting was over… Fighting was over… Water Water Barbed Wire Barbed Wire Cattle Drives Cattle Drives Sheep and Goat Ranching Sheep and Goat Ranching

8. Windmills WINDMILLS also contributed to the closing of the frontier. WINDMILLS also contributed to the closing of the frontier. By drilling a WELL and using the windmill as a pump, ranchers could access underground sources of WATER for their cattle. By drilling a WELL and using the windmill as a pump, ranchers could access underground sources of WATER for their cattle. Ranchers started fencing off their land and using windmills rather than having their cattle roam for MILES. Ranchers started fencing off their land and using windmills rather than having their cattle roam for MILES.

9. Irrigation Now Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil. It is used to assist the growing of crops in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil. It is used to assist the growing of crops in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall.

10. The MYTH of the Cowboy The MYTH of the Cowboy started in books and movies. The MYTH of the Cowboy started in books and movies. They portrayed cowhands as white men who experienced exciting adventures along the cattle trails and defended themselves against Indian tribes. They portrayed cowhands as white men who experienced exciting adventures along the cattle trails and defended themselves against Indian tribes.

11. Realities of Cowboys Many were African-Americans, Mexican-Americans, and women Many were African-Americans, Mexican-Americans, and women The average age was 20 with a small physical frame The average age was 20 with a small physical frame Trail rides were strenuous with cowboys averaging 30-36 hours in the saddle. Trail rides were strenuous with cowboys averaging 30-36 hours in the saddle. How would you describe their daily life? How would you describe their daily life?