1. 1 Aqueduct Photos

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4. 4 How is an aqueduct constructed? The first story is composed of six arches. The second story consists of ten arches, and the third story carries the water with thirty-five arches. Pont du Gard; Nimes, France Arch Column first story second story third story

5. 5 Arches, especially the arches constructed in the Pont du Gard, were built around wooden frames. The frames were removed upon completion.

6. 6 An arch was constructed from each end up to the center piece, known as the keystone. The keystone exerts a force on the adjacent stones so that this one stone at the top held the entire arch together. Thus, it is the key to the structure. keystone

7. 7 The Romans transported water from far away to cities via aqueducts. Cities had plumbing, providing private water for the rich and for public baths. Poor neighborhoods shared a public water site.

8. 8 Water is heavy stuff. It weighs 8.34 pounds per gallon. The Romans needed a structure strong enough to hold all that water to move it from the mountains into the city. How does an aqueduct work?

9. 9 The water was transported in concrete tunnels. The tunnels were underground if possible. Sometimes the tunnel had to go above ground. Tunnels could be build with a shaft. This shaft allowed them to take out dirt and lower supplies to the workers. tunnel shaft

10. 10 The water flowed in a tube on the top of the aqueduct called a water channel. The arches supported the water channel. water channel

11. 11 The channel was lined with concrete. The Romans invented concrete.

12. 12 How did it work? Gravity made the water flow. Roman engineers had to construct the aqueduct so the water would flow. The aqueduct was build to slope down at a.025 meters per kilometer.

13. 13 Comparing Rome to Modern

14. 14 Construct an Aqueduct Game by Nova http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lostempires/ roman/aqueductwave.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lostempires/ roman/aqueductwave.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lostempires/ roman/aqueductjava.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lostempires/ roman/aqueductjava.html

15. 15 Photo Credits https://eee.uci.edu/clients/bjbecker/SpinningWeb/aqueclaudiamapb.jpg http://www.dl.ket.org/latin2/mores/aqua/images/aquetunl.jpg http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/architecture/aqueducts2.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_aqueduct

16. 16 Sources http://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/struct ural/10-roman-engineering-tricks.htm http://videos.howstuffworks.com/science- channel/29209-what-the-ancients-knew-roman- architecture-video.htm http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2008/11/roman- history-comes-to-life-in-google.html