1. Do Now: Write down as many personality traits as you can think of. Longest list wins!

2. Story time…

3. The Trait Perspective Trait= An individual’s characteristic behaviors and conscious motives Examples of Traits Honest Dependable Moody Impulsive

4. Personality Type Personality types, assessed by measures such as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, consist of a number of traits. Sympathetic Appreciative Tactful Feeling Type Personality

5. Gordon Allport’s Theory Cardinal Trait- defining characteristic Example: Mother Teresa = altruism Central Trait: general characteristic

6. Cardinal Traits Obama Lincoln George Bush Michael Jackson Lady Gaga

8. Exploring Traits Factor analysis is a statistical approach used to describe and relate personality traits. Cattell 16 Personality Factor (16PF) inventory. Raymond Cattell (1905-1998)

9. Factor Analysis Cattell found that large groups of traits could be reduced down to 16 core personality traits based on statistical correlations. Impulsive Excitement Impatient Irritable Boisterous Basic trait Superficial traits

10. Personality Dimensions Hans and Sybil Eysenck suggested that personality could be reduced down to three dimensions extroversion vs introversion, neuroticism vs stability, and psychoticism vs empathetic.

11. Eysenck’s Personality Traits Extroversion vs introversion Neuroticism- moody, anxious, unreliable Psychoticism- tough mindedness, hostile, ruthless, insensitive

12. Are our personalities genetically determined?

13. Assessing Traits Personality inventories are questionnaires (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors

14. MMPI The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests.

15. MMPI Test Profile

16. Do Now: 1) What is the MMPI? 2) How are traits evaluated today? 3) Which movie won best picture last night?

17. Fortune telling.

18. Barnum Effect Tendency to accept as valid descriptions of our personality that are true of everyone especially if favorable

19. AIM: How do psychologists determine our personality traits?

20. The Big Five Factors Today’s trait researchers believe that Eysencks’ personality dimensions are too narrow and Cattell’s 16PF too large. A middle range (five factors) of traits does a better job of assessment. Conscientiousness Agreeableness Neuroticism Openness Extraversion

21. Endpoints

22. Questions about the Big Five Yes. Conscientious people are morning type and extraverted are evening type. 4. Can they predict other personal attributes? These traits are common across cultures. 3. How about other cultures? Fifty percent or so for each trait. 2. How heritable are they? Quite stable in adulthood. However, they change over development. 1. How stable are these traits?

23. Evaluating the Trait Perspective The Person-Situation Controversy Walter Mischel (1968, 1984, 2004) points out that traits may be enduring, but the resulting behavior in various situations is different.

24. The Person-Situation Controversy Trait theorists argue that behaviors from a situation may be different, but average behavior remains the same.

25. The Person-Situation Controversy Traits are socially significant and influence our health, thinking, and performance Samuel Gosling John Langford Photography

26. Facebook

27. Consistency of Expressive Style Expressive styles in speaking and gestures demonstrate trait consistency. Observers are able to judge people’s behavior and feelings in as little as 2- 30 seconds

28. Humanistic Perspective By the 1960s, psychologists became discontent with Freud’s negativity and the mechanistic psychology of the behaviorists. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) Carl Rogers (1902-1987) http://www.ship.edu

29. Self-Actualizing Person Maslow proposed that we as individuals are motivated by a hierarchy of needs. Beginning with physiological needs, we try to reach the state of self-actualization—fulfilling our potential. http://www.ship.edu Ted Polumbaum/ Time Pix/ Getty Images

30. Growth and Fulfillment Carl Rogers -believed in an individual's self-actualization tendencies. -He said that Unconditional Positive Regard is an attitude of acceptance of others despite their failings. Michael Rougier/ Life Magazine © Time Warner, Inc.

31. Ideal versus Real

32. Assessing the Self All of our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in an answer to the question, “Who am I?” refers to Self-Concept. Carl Rogers asked people to describe themselves as they would like to be (ideal) and as they actually are (real). If the two descriptions were close the individual had a positive self-concept.

33. Evaluating the Humanistic Perspective 1.Humanistic psychology has a pervasive impact on counseling, education, child- rearing, and management. 2.Concepts in humanistic psychology are vague and subjective and lack scientific basis. 3.Gender identity may develop before 5-6 years of age.