1. Medieval Period 1066- 1485

2. 1066 ► Battle of Hastings: Harold the Saxon, the King of England was defeated by William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy

3. Changes brought by William the Conqueror ► Due to a more European business exposure, England became stable and very powerful ► People trained to be soldiers, lawyers, doctors etc. ► In addition to English (Middle English) the people spoke Norman and French

4. Religion ► Played a great role in the lives of the Medieval people- All people wanted to attain Heaven ► Latin was the official language of the church ► Abbeys and Monasteries were built

5. 13 th Century ► Oxford and Cambridge were opened

6. 13 th Century ► Great Farms called Fiefs

7. 13 th Century ► Gothic Cathedrals were built

8. “Christendom” ► Commonwealth- a spiritual and cultural empire uniting men of different nationalities, different languages and different regional ways of life ► This basically refers to countries in which Christians make up the majority of the population, or the world wide community of Christians

10. Feudal System ► Based on land holdings ► Vassals or overlords owed allegiance to a noble or king

11. Feudal System ► Everyone knew his place ► The only way the common man could advance was through the church ► Priest, Bishop, Cardinal, Pope  Ki T Barons were the most powerful and wealthy noblemen, they received their fiefs directly from the King,T Barons were the most powerful and wealthy noblemen, they received their fiefs directly from the King,   Bishops The Bishop had as much power as a Baron. They ruled over all areas of the church including the priest,convents and monasteries. The collection of taxes made Bishops extremely rich.The Bishop had as much power as a Baron. They ruled over all areas of the church including the priest,convents and monasteries. The collection of taxes made Bishops extremely rich.  Lords  Peasants The peasants were at the bottom of the feudal tree. They were the workers who farmed the land to provide food for everyone. Sometimes they were given a piece of land to farm in return for their labor on the lord’s land. The peasants were at the bottom of the feudal tree. They were the workers who farmed the land to provide food for everyone. Sometimes they were given a piece of land to farm in return for their labor on the lord’s land.

12. Life of Medieval Period ► Austere- No modern comforts ► Travel was very difficult ► Difficulty and harsh life was made up for in church splendor ► Priests preached that life on earth was less important than life after death

13. Life of Medieval Period ► The Crusades: A series of religious wars to “save” Jerusalem from Turks (Muslims)

14. Life of Medieval Period ► Learned much about medicine, mathematics and commercial trade

15. Chivalry ► The definition of chivalry today means the conduct of a mannered and sensitive man toward women ► In the Medieval period it was part of the code that knights were sworn to live by along with courage, justice, mercy, generosity, faith, nobility and hope

16. Chivalry

17. Chivalry ► This idea joined with romance in literature ► Feature: fairy enchantments, giants, dragons, wizards, sorceresses ► Seen in stories like: King Arthur and his Knights, King Charlemagne and The Conquest of Troy

18. Timeline ► In the year 1215- King John signed the Magna Carta ► This protected the rights of man and stated that the King must obey established common law

19. Timeline ► In 1295 Edward I established 1 st parliament Bringing forth The House of Lords and The House of Commons

20. Timeline ► 1337-1453- “Hundred Years War” – actually lasted 116 years ► Started when England tried to hold onto French possessions, the English were finally defeated

21. Hundred Years War ► Long bows were developed during this war, they were effective because they could pierce armor

22. Hundred Years War ► Gun powder started to be used, which made castles less effective

23. Hundred Years War ► Medieval soldiers also used trebuchets to throw rocks and dead animals

24. Black Death ► 1348- Plague hit – 1/3 of England died

25. Peasants Revolt ► 1381- Black Death reduced the labor force, therefore, laborers could ask for enhanced benefits

26. Wars of the Roses ► 1455-1485- fight for power between two houses ► House of York- represented by White Rose ► House of Lancaster- represented by Red Rose

27. End of the Middle Ages ► In 1485 Richard III was defeated by Henry VII (Henry Tudor) ► This united the families, under the Tudor line and ended the middle ages