1. Chapter 9: The Progressive Era 1890- 1920 Section 1: The Origins of Progressivism

2. I. The Origins of Progressivism A. Introduction Progressivism. What is it? A movement to change or reform began in cities

3. B. The Four Goals 1. Protect Social Welfare. How? Settlement Houses: – Homes for the homeless YMCA: – libraries and sports for poor Salvation Army: Soup kitchens Hull House Henry Street Settlement

4. Florence Kelly: Example of a social reformer: (September 12, 1859 – February 17, 1932) Fought against sweatshops and for the minimum wage, eight-hour workdays and children's rights.

5. 2. Promoting Moral Improvement. How? Prohibition: ban alcohol/ Carry Nation -WCTU: went into saloons and made scene Kindergartens, visiting sick and prisons (November 25, 1846 - June 9, 1911)

6. 3. Creating Economic Reform(change). How? a. Change the US government Eugene V. Debs –Said business had too much power –Break up big business (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926)

7. B. Muckrakers: Journalists who wrote about corporate abuses »Ida Tarbell: Wrote The History of the Standard Oil Company in 1904. »Helped lead to the break up of Standard Oil. (November 5, 1857 – January 6, 1944) (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) John D. Rockefeller

8. 4. Foster Efficiency Make society better and faster? Shortened hours, better conditions Used the ideas of Taylor: –Scientific Management »Assembly lines »Not always better for workers »Speed was controlled by boss »Tried to make better, did it? Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin Modern Times (1936)

9. Reform: Person

10. Cleaning Up Local Government Summery: Reforming Local Government

11. II. Government Reform A. City Government: -roots of movement started in Galveston TX after a storm. -Attacked problems like too much corruption - Reform Mayors a. Hazen Pingree: Detroit »Targeted corrupt utility companies, railroads and construction. »Built schools and parks B. Tom Johnson: Cleveland -believed citizens should play a more active role Hazen Stuart Pingree (August 30, 1840 – June 18, 1901)

12. He gained national recognition through his "potato patch plan," a systematic use of vacant city land for gardens which would produce food for the city's poor.

13. Reform at the State Level Summery: Protecting Working Children Efforts to Limit Working Hours Reforming Elections Reform Governors Direct Election of Senators

14. B. State Government 1. Governor Robert Lafollette (Wisconsin) Targeted the RR. Make it more fair to use To protect children –Too many children working –Earning less pay –Not going to school –Exploitation Used photography to show horrors: forced National Labor Committee to investigate Led to the Keating's Owen Act (1916): stopped transportation of goods produced by children across state lines. (June 14, 1855– June 18, 1925)

15. Child Labor Today

16. Reform at National Level from SC. Limiting Hours and protecting workers –Women and children become focus –Muller v. Oregon: Limits women to a 10 hour work day –Workers compensation for families injured or killed at work

17. Election Reforms –Promote Democracy and Citizen Action –Examples Initiative: Bill written by people not congress Secret ballot: Recall: remove Referendum: a vote on the initiative. People decide not congress 17 th Amendment: Direct election of Senators What does this all mean? People have more say in the government

18. Chapter 9-Section 2 Women in Public Life

19. Where were women working at the turn of the century? Please begin by reading pages 313-314 Create a Tree Map © that identifies the three important roles that women were most commonly found in. On your map please explain least one of the problems they faced in each role

20. On the farm: Mostly in South and Midwest Lower middle class to lower class Besides fields, had to care for family, laundry, and cook

21. In the factories Women had found their way into the factories to help make money Often excluded from union membership Often worked in garment industry Paid about ½ as much as men Some sought an education which would open more doors for them in the future

22. In The Home A way for women who were not educated to help their family was by domestic work For many African American women this was their only option because of racism

23. Working Conditions: –Bad pay, poor conditions made the workers feel trapped and made women realize they lacked fundamental rights

24. Women wanted education- –More education led to drive for college –Education led to reform –Push for reform, led women to push for equality and independence

25. How did it all happen: –health and safety first thoughts –-Early leaders were Anthony and Stanton -Laid foundation -Led to NAWSA:- –Catt 3 prong approach to suffrage –State legislatures –Courts –National amendment -African American also fought for equality. Not always welcome in white women’s groups: NACW –Women fought a long hard battle until 1920 just to get right to vote. –The Fight for equality wasn’t over yet

26. Section 3 TR -rich, but sick -had to prove himself -overcame personal tragedies/built his character -fought in Spanish American War Never was meant to be president -youngest president elected -used presidency as “bully pulpit” -forced issues of reform -Offered America a “Square Deal”

27. How he used Federal Power 1. Trust-busting: Breaking up businesses when they get too big Not against all Trusts, just the ones that abuse their power

28. 2. -Railroad Regulation Means that the Government will keep an eye on the Railroad -ICA: Interstate Commerce Act –monitor trade, little power Elkins Act: no rebates for big companies Hepburn Act: Limited free passes

29. 3. 1902 Coal Strike –showed willing to threaten business Pennsylvania 140000 miners Wanted 20% raise, 9hr day Coal ran low TR calls leaders on both sides Third party settles with 10% raise, 9 hr, but no right unionize

30. 4. Health and the Environment –Regulate food and drugs The Jungle –Illustrated issues of abuse »Led to Meat Inspection Act »And Food and Drug Act

31. 5. Conservation and Natural Resources -control and save land -use some land -used nature for power: Dams -Pinchot: Head of Forest Service -National Reclamation Act sell land to fund irrigation

32. 6. Civil Rights –Fell short –Took first steps met with Booker T. Washington –did not achieve = Rights Dubois not happy with progress helped start NAACP Long hard road for = rights

33. Section 4 Taft Becomes President -TR does not run again -Helps Taft get elected Taft Cautious Used Dollar Diplomacy, not gunboat Seemed to go back on Progressive Promise –Payne Aldrich Tariff Started out to lower Bill changed, actually raised

34. Argument over land –Ballinger-Pinchot Affair Ballinger not like Pinchot’s use of land Taft fired Pinchot Progressives mad Taft’s shortcomings lead to Republican Split –party cannot hold together without TR –TR comes back and starts 3rd Party: Bull Moose –Now Repubs are split in 3, no majority vote Wilson (Democrat) wins election

35. Section 5 Wilson -Democrats take power -New Freedom: Power to individual -attacks Triple wall of Privilege –Trust –Tariff –Finance

36. Trusts Clayton Anti Trust Act - no monopolies, unions could exist -Magna Carta of labor legislation How would he police businesses? FTC- watchdog of business

37. Tariff Underwood Tariff: -Lower tariff Told Americans to demand, got it!

38. Finance Federal Tax Had to pay for hole lower tariff made 16th amendment: Graduated income tax More you made, more you paid

39. THE FED Federal Reserve –made new banking system »Provided help for banks in trouble »secured our future during hard times

40. Reform under Wilson: Suffrage Women working hard for vote Alice Paul became leader of young women –More active, picketed white house –Willing to be arrested –Including poor and working women –Won 19th amendment in 1920

41. Limits of Progressivism: Civil Rights were not won for minorities Segregation remained NAACP feels betrayed World War I ends movement as county focuses on Kaiser