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Published byBrett Watson Modified over 9 years ago
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1. Acidus – meaning sour or tart 2. Feels like water 3. Litmus Paper – red 4. Conducts electricity 5. Reactive with metals 6. React with bases to form a salt and water
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1. Bitter taste 2. Feels smooth and slippery (soap) 3. Litmus Paper – Blue 4. Conducts electricity 5. Not reactive with metals 6. React with acids to form a salt and water
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Common Acids FormulaName HClHydrochloric acid HNO 3 Nitric Acid H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric Acid HC 2 H 3 O 2 Acetic Acid H 2 CO 3 Carbonic Acid H 3 PO 4 Phosphoric Acid
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FormulaName Na(OH)Sodium Hydroxide K(OH)Potassium Hydroxide Mg(OH) 2 Magnesium Hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 Calcium Hydroxide Sr(OH) 2 Strontium Hydroxide
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H+H+ H3O+H3O+ OH -
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Acid: substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) or hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) in water H + = H 3 O + THEY ARE THE SAME THING!! Example: HCl + H 2 O Cl - + H 3 O +
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Base: substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH - ) in water Example: Na(OH) Na + + (OH) -
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monoprotic acid : acid that can donate only one proton (hydrogen ion) per molecule. ◦ Example: HCl, HNO 3 polyprotic acid : acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule. ◦ Examples: H 2 SO 4 - diprotic H 3 PO 4 - triprotic
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Experiments have shown that pure water, at 25°, breaks apart (ionizes) : H 2 0 + H 2 0 H 3 0 + + OH - To measure the concentration of these ions produced we use pH
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NEUTRAL pH [ H + ]=10 -7 M=[OH - ] pH = 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 AcidicBasic More basicMore acidic
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pH: scale used to indicate the [H + ] of a water solution pH - from the Danish: “power of Hydrogen” pH = - log [H + ] or pH = - log [H 3 O + ]
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The log function converts the exponents with a base of 10 to a whole number. The negative sign at the front of the equation cancels out with the negative sign in the exponent. [H + ]: 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4 10 -5 10 -6 10 -7 10 -8 10 -9 10 -10 10 -11 10 -12 10 -13 10 -14 pH : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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[H + ] ConcentrationpH Acid, Base, or Neutral? 10 -2 2Acid 10 -8 10 -5 10 -7 13
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Acids/ bases Oven cleaner Hair remover Detergent Coffee Soda
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neutralization: when an acidic solution (with hydrogen ions) and a basic solution (with hydroxide ions) react to form water salt: an ionic compound formed from the cation of a base and an anion of an acid. forms water forms salt
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A solution that resists changes in pH ◦ What are some solutions that need to maintain a certain pH level?
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NO, NO 2, CO 2, SO 2, and SO 3 are gases from industrial processes that dissolve in atmospheric water to produce acidic solutions. ◦ Example: Very acidic rain is known as acid rain.
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