1. Properties of Matter

2. Warm Up How do the arrangement and behavior of particles of matter differ in solids, liquids, and gases?

3. What is Matter?  Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

4. Solids  Has a rigid, definite shape  The atoms, ions, or molecules that make up a solid are fixed in place

5. Liquids  Has an indefinite shape  Is flowing matter with definite volume  Takes the shape of its container  Particles of a liquid can move and easily glide over each other

6. Gas  Has no definite shape  Has no definite volume  Is compressible matter  Particles of gas are much farther apart and are easily pushed together

7. Matter Pure Substances CompoundsElements Mixtures HomogeneousHeterogeneous

8. Physical Properties  Observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.  Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.

9. Physical Properties can be… Extensive  Dependent on the amount of matter there is.  Mass  Weight  Volume  Length Intensive  Do NOT depend on the amount of matter present.  Color  Boiling Point  Melting Point  Temperature  Density  Brittleness  Viscosity

10. Chemical Properties What happens when a substance undergoes a chemical reaction. Examples: Flammability acidic and basic oxidation radioactivity

11. Physical Change o DOES NOT produce a new substance. o Changes the physical appearance but not its identity. o Phase changes ARE physical changes!!!

12. Chemical Change o process by which a substance becomes a new and different substance. (AKA Chemical Reaction) Example: Reaction of sulfuric acid and sugar. The acid dehydrates the sugar forming a pillar of carbon (black) and steam.

13. “Can this change be reversed?”  Yes- physical change  No- chemical change

14. Indicators of a Chemical Change  Gas is produced  Light is produced  A solid (precipitate) is formed from 2 liquids  Temperature change  Permanent color change

15. Temperature Change  Exothermic-feels hot -The reaction releases or produces heat  Endothermic- feels cold -The reaction absorbs heat

16. Chemical Reactions 

17. Law of Conservation of Mass Matter CANNOT be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction.

18. o How many Carbon atoms are on the left and right? 6 and 6 o How many Hydrogen atoms are on the left and right? 12 and 12 o How many Oxygen atoms are on the left and right? 18 and 18

19. Law of Conservation of Mass 

20. Energy  The capacity to do work.

21. Potential Energy  The energy of position.  The energy that is stored in the chemical bonds of compounds.

22. Gasoline stored at a gas station

23. Kinetic Energy  Energy of motion

24. As the gasoline is burned, energy is released from the bonds and As the gasoline is burned, energy is released from the bonds and is used to power the car’s engine. is used to power the car’s engine.

25. Law of Conversion of Energy  Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it just changes FORM.

26. Forms of Energy  Radiant  Chemical  Nuclear

27. Forms of Energy  Electrical  Mechanical  Thermal

28. Thermal Energy  It can be transported 3 different ways.

29. Convection  The transfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid (not in solids) by movement of currents.  The heat moves with the fluid.  Example  The beach – hot air rises, cooler air from the ocean comes into replace it, and then the cool breeze cools your body.

30. Conduction  The transfer of heat energy through matter from particle to particle.  Material are actually touching!  Most effective in solids, but can happen in fluids.  Example  Beaker on a hot plate becomes warmer because the heat from the hot plate is conducted along the beaker.

31. Radiation  The transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic waves  Only form that can occur in empty space without the aid of Solids, Liquids, or Gases  Example  Sunlight –travels through space via radiation.

32. What is the way that thermal energy is transported in the following? Your leg becomes warm when you place a heating pad on it. conduction

33. What is the way that thermal energy is transported in the following?  The headlights on your car allow you to see at night. Radiation

34. What is the way that thermal energy is transported in the following? Hot soup transfers heat to the air above it. Convection

35. Law of Conservation of Energy Radiant : Sunlight Chemical : glucose produced in plants via photosynthesis Mechanical: Rabbit eats Plants for energy to hop