1. DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD by Dr. Azher Shah Associate Professor Department of Paediatric Medicine

2. GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT Growth Quantitative increase in size of body and can be measured in terms of HEIGHT and WEIGHT Development Qualitative functional maturation assessed in terms of acquisition of skills and ability to cope with the situation

3. Growth and development are so closely related that they are usually assessed simultaneously

4. Normal Child Development Children acquire functional skills throughout childhood Child development is used to describe the skills acquired by children between birth and about 5 years of age From Birth to Five years, there is a rapid progress in mobility, speech and language, communication and independence skills During school age, evidence of developmental progression is predominantly through cognitive development, abstract thinking and skills of conceptualization

5. Who Should Monitor the Development of a Child? Parents Health Care Professional

6. Main Objective to Assess the Development of a Child Early detection of delayed or abnormal development Early Detection Can help Children achieve their maximum potential Provide treatment or therapy promptly An entry point for the care and management of the child with special needs

7. Influence of Heredity and Environment on Development Child's development represents the interaction of heredity and the environment on the developing brain Heredity determines the potential of the child, while the environment influences the extent to which that potential is achieved For optimal development, the environment has to meet the child's physical and psychological needs Physical and Psychological needs vary with age and stage of development: Infants Primary school age children Adolescents

8. Influence of Heredity and Environment on Development (Cont…)

9. Fields of Development

10. Fields of Development (Cont…) Four fields of Developmental Skills Gross Motor Vision and Fine Motor Hearing, Speech and Language Social, Emotional and Behavioural Gross motor skills are the most obvious initial area of developmental progressFine motor skills require good vision, these are grouped togetherNormal speech and language development depends on reasonable hearingSocial, emotional and behavioural skills are a spectrum of psychological developmentDeficiency in any one skill area can have an impact on other areas

11. DEVELOPMENTAL ASSESSMENT

12. Gross Motor Fine Motor and Vision Hearing and Speech Social Behaviour Influenced by child’s illness, hunger, thirst and alertness or drowsiness

13. GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

22. FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

31. SPEECH, LANGUAGE & HEARING