1. The purpose of cell is to CREATE PROTEINS

2. REVIEW: Plasma Membrane CytosolRibosomes

3. Cytoskeleton Responsible for: - Cell shape - Cell movement - Intercellular transport Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules

6. Nucleus The Nucleus is the control center/brain of the cell. Responsible for: - protecting DNA - controlling protein synthesis - cell growth - cell division Nuclear Envelope: protective outer membrane, contains nuclear pores Nucleolus: Ribosome synthesis Nucleolus

7. Most numerous organelle in the cell (thousands). PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Ribosomes can be found in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum Proteins made in the: Cytoplasm -> inside the cell R.ER -> outside the cell Ribosomes

8. A system of folded membranes Rough ER is covered with ribosomes. A “work station” for protein synthesis (exported proteins) Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids and steroids. -builds/repairs plasma membrane -sex hormones R. ER S. ER ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

10. Golgi Apparatus System of folded membranes and vesicles The Golgi apparatus receives substances from ER and packages them into Golgi bodies. Golgi Bodies are then exported from the cell EXOCYTOSIS Golgi Apparatus

12. Vacuoles store materials and resources the cell needs - Water - Minerals - Food Plant cells have one large central vacuole that stores all of the water to maintain pressure in the cell VACUOLE

13. Lysosomes “digest” damaged organelles or waste materials Low pH Involved in phagocytosis and autolysis Lyosomes EATING SUICIDE

15. Cells use ATP for energy The mitochondria makes energy for the cell to use. Converts glucose (stored energy) to ATP (usable energy). Mitochondria has its own DNA called mitochondrial DNA - passed only from mothers to children Glucose ATP

17. ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Symbiogenesis; attempts to explain the origin of eukaryotic cells from ancient prokaryotic cells. One prokaryotic cell engulfs another cell and the two exist symbiotically.

18. Plant cell have chloroplasts Chloroplasts convert carbon dioxide into the sugars/glucose for the cell to use. They make the raw materials to use for the cell’s energy. Glucose ATP Light energy and CO2

19. Everything moves from high to low

20. CELL ANALOGY