1. YM, 2010 Earth Science: CST Review Day #3 Sun, Meteors, Solar System

2. 1. List the 6 major parts of the sun. Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

3. 1. List the 6 major parts of the sun. 1. List the 6 major parts of the sun. Interior: 1. core, 2. radiation zone, 3. convection zone Interior: 1. core, 2. radiation zone, 3. convection zone Surface: Surface: 4. Photosphere 5. Chromosphere 6. Corona

4. 2. Which unit would be most appropriate for measuring the distance between our Sun and the next closest star? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

5. 2. Which unit would be most appropriate for measuring the distance between our Sun and the next closest star? 2. Which unit would be most appropriate for measuring the distance between our Sun and the next closest star? Light-year (~5.88 trillion miles!!!) Light-year (~5.88 trillion miles!!!) It is the distance light can travel in a vacuum in one year. It is the distance light can travel in a vacuum in one year.

6. 3. What part of the sun composes the visible surface which appears as bright yellow to us here on Earth? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

7. 3. What part of the sun composes the visible surface which appears as bright yellow to us here on Earth? 3. What part of the sun composes the visible surface which appears as bright yellow to us here on Earth? Photosphere Photosphere

8. 4. What is the sun’s source of energy called? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

9. 4. What is the sun’s source of energy called? 4. What is the sun’s source of energy called? Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Fusion Hydrogen atoms Hydrogen atoms fuse into helium

10. 5. What stage, of the star life cycle, is our sun in? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

11. 5. What stage, of the star life cycle, is our sun in? 5. What stage, of the star life cycle, is our sun in? Main sequence star Main sequence star Main sequence stars last a few billion years. Main sequence stars last a few billion years.

12. 6. What is the next stage in the sun’s life cycle? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

13. 6. What is the next stage in the sun’s life cycle? 6. What is the next stage in the sun’s life cycle? Red Giant– a star that Red Giant– a star that expands and cools once is loses all its hydrogen and only helium is left

15. 7. 7. How did our solar system begin? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

16. 7. How did our solar system begin? 7. How did our solar system begin? Nebular Theory-- states that the sun and planets formed from a rotating disk of dust and gases (Nebular cloud). Nebular Theory-- states that the sun and planets formed from a rotating disk of dust and gases (Nebular cloud).

17. 8. How were the planets probably formed? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

18. 8. How were the planets probably formed? 8. How were the planets probably formed? Accretion-- is a process in which the size of something gradually increases by steady addition of smaller parts Accretion-- is a process in which the size of something gradually increases by steady addition of smaller parts

19. 9. What is the shape of all 8 planet’s orbit? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

20. 9. What is the shape of all 8 planet’s orbit? 9. What is the shape of all 8 planet’s orbit? Elliptical Elliptical

21. 10. LIST the 4 Terrestrial Planets: Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

22. 10. LIST the 4 Terrestrial Planets: 10. LIST the 4 Terrestrial Planets: 1. Mercury 1. Mercury 2. Venus 2. Venus 3. Earth 3. Earth 4. Mars 4. Mars

23. 11. List the 4 Jovian Planets. Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

24. 11. List the 4 Jovian Planets. 11. List the 4 Jovian Planets. 1. Jupiter 1. Jupiter 2. Saturn 2. Saturn 3. Uranus 3. Uranus 4. Neptune 4. Neptune

25. 12. 12. What is the most obvious difference between the terrestrial and the Jovian planets? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

26. 12. What is the most obvious difference between the terrestrial and the Jovian planets? 12. What is the most obvious difference between the terrestrial and the Jovian planets? Size Size

27. 13. 13. Match the planet with the correct description: Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

28. 13. Match the planet with the correct description: 13. Match the planet with the correct description: Closest to the sun--Mercury Closest to the sun--Mercury Has the Great Dark Spot--Neptune Has the Great Dark Spot--Neptune Hot gassy atmosphere and very high temperatures--Venus Hot gassy atmosphere and very high temperatures--Venus Our home--Earth Our home--Earth Rings--Saturn Rings--Saturn The largest planet--Jupiter The largest planet--Jupiter The red planet--Mars The red planet--Mars The sideways planet--Uranus The sideways planet--Uranus

29. 14. 14. Why does the moon have more craters than Earth? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

30. 14. Why does the moon have more craters than Earth? 14. Why does the moon have more craters than Earth? Weathering and erosion do not occur on the moon. Weathering and erosion do not occur on the moon.

31. 15. How old is the Earth? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

32. 15. How old is the Earth? 15. How old is the Earth? 4.5 billion years 4.5 billion years

33. 16. Early Earth, 4.5 BYA, was initially covered in melted rock and the atmosphere was made of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. As Earth cooled, what caused the differentiation of the Earth’s layers? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

34. 16. Early Earth, 4.5 BYA, was initially covered in melted rock and the atmosphere was made of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. As Earth cooled, what caused the differentiation of the Earth’s layers? 16. Early Earth, 4.5 BYA, was initially covered in melted rock and the atmosphere was made of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. As Earth cooled, what caused the differentiation of the Earth’s layers? Density of the elements Density of the elements More dense elements sunk to form the core and lighter elements formed the crust. More dense elements sunk to form the core and lighter elements formed the crust.

35. 17. What is a small, rocky body whose diameter can range from a few hundred miles to less than half a mile? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

36. 17. What is a small, rocky body whose diameter can range from a few hundred miles to less than half a mile? 17. What is a small, rocky body whose diameter can range from a few hundred miles to less than half a mile? Asteriod Asteriod

37. 18. 18. 65 MY ago, a wide range of organisms, among these were dinosaurs, became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period. What is this layer of earth called? what metal is found in large quantities in this layer? how did so much of this metal end up on the Earth’s crust? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

38. 18. 65 MY ago, a wide range of organisms, among these were dinosaurs, became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period. *What is this layer of earth called? *what metal is found in large quantities in this layer? *how did so much of this metal end up on the Earth’s crust? 18. 65 MY ago, a wide range of organisms, among these were dinosaurs, became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period. *What is this layer of earth called? *what metal is found in large quantities in this layer? *how did so much of this metal end up on the Earth’s crust? K-T Boundary Iridium Earth was struck by a meteorite

39. 19 19. Possibly, 4.5 bya, Theia (Mars- sized object), collided with Earth. As a result, what happened? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

40. 19. Possibly, 4.5 bya, Theia (Mars-sized object), collided with Earth. As a result, what happened? 19. Possibly, 4.5 bya, Theia (Mars-sized object), collided with Earth. As a result, what happened? The moon formed The moon formed

41. 20. Using the Doppler effect, astronomers can determine a star’s_______? Sun, Meteors, and Solar System (1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,1g*)

42. 20. Using the Doppler effect, astronomers can determine a star’s_______? 20. Using the Doppler effect, astronomers can determine a star’s_______? movement toward or away from Earth