1. Prokaryotes aka Bacteria

2. Bacteria in everyday life
Decomposers
Nitrogen fixation
Blue-Green Algae
Genetic Engineering
Digestion/vitamin synthesis
Food production: yogurt, pickles, soy sauce, wine, vinegar, sauerkraut
Diseases: Syphilis, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Cholera, Leprosy, Botulism

3. Decomposers

4. Nitrogen Fixation

5. Blue-Green Bacteria

6. Genetic Engineering

7. Digestion/Vitamin synthesis

8. Food Production

9. Bacterial Diseases Pneumonia Black Plague Tuberculosis Leprosy
Botulism
Diphtheria
Anthrax
Endotoxins: contained inside the bacteria and released when they die, e.g. Salmonella. Cause fever, vomiting and diarrhea
Exotoxins: release toxins which travel through body. e.g. Tetanus, botulism, no fever

10. Characteristics of Bacteria
Single-celled
Prokaryotes – DNA is not surrounded by a membrane, i.e. no nucleus
Organelles are not surrounded by membranes
Bacterial DNA is a single chromosome in the shape of a ring called a plasmid
Reproduce asexually by binary fission

11. Bacterial Structure

12. Comparison of Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

13. Cell Shapes and Colonies
Bacteria can be classified by shape and colony

14. Cocci
Round bacteria

15. Bacilli
Rod-shaped

16. Spirilla
Spiral-shaped

17. Bacterial Colonies Diplo – pairs Staphylo – grape-like clusters
Strepto – long chains

18. Nutrition
Heterotrophs – obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules from their environment (decomposers)
Autotrophs – produce own organic compounds
Photoautotrophs – use sunlight (cyanobacteria)
Chemoautotrophs – use chemical reactions

19. Respiration Aerobic - require oxygen for cellular respiration
obligate aerobes – require oxygen for survival
Anaerobic – do not require oxygen for cellular respiration
Obligate anaerobes – killed in the presence of oxygen, e.g. clostridium botulinum

20. Reproduction
Bacteria reproduce via binary fission (dividing in two)

21. Bacterial Conjugation
Bacteria can exchange genetic information through conjugation

22. Archaebacteria vs Eubacteria
oldest group of organisms
Usually found in harsh/extreme environments
Cell wall and membrane chemically different from eubacteria
Three main types:
Methanogens: produce methane (swamp gas)
Halophiles: salt-loving
Thermophiles: heat-loving – hot, acidic environments

23. Archaebacteria vs Eubacteria
Extremely diverse
Spirochaetes
Chlamydias
Gram-positive bacteria
Cyanobacteria
Proteobacteria