1. Organic Chemistry
In a nutshell..

2. Important Elements
CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry
Also important…
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Chlorine

3. Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds occur when electrons are SHARED between non-metals.
Carbon has 4 bonds C
Valence Electrons

4. Other Bonds Hydrogen one bond Oxygen two bonds Nitrogen three bonds
Sulphur two bonds (varies)
Phosphorus three bonds (varies)
Chlorine one bond
Bonds = # valence electrons needed to be Happy 

5. One, Two, Three….
Elements can form Single, Double, and Triple Bonds
Single bonds share 2 electrons
Double bonds share 4 electrons
Triple bonds share 6 electrons
H H O O N N

6. Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons are made up of hydrogen and carbon only.
They are divided up based on the number of bonds.
alkanes have Single Bonds
alkenes have Double Bonds
alkynes have Triple Bonds

7. Prefixes
Prefixes are used to describe the number of Carbons in the compound.
Meth = 1 Carbon Eth = 2 Carbons H H H
C C C H H H H H H H

8. Prefixes Meth 1 carbon Hex 6 carbons Eth 2 carbons Hept 7 carbons
Prop 3 carbons Oct 8 carbons
But 4 carbons Non 9 carbons
Pent 5 carbons Dec carbons

9. Prefix + Suffix
Methane Ethylene H H H
C C C H H H H H

10. C C C C C Functional Groups
Functional groups contain combinations of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, that are attached to the carbon chain and determine chemical properties. H H H H H
C C C C C H H H H H H H

11. Functional Group Examples
The –OH functional group is characteristic of all organic alcohols. H C H OH H
Methanol: Meth = 1 carbon ol = functional group OH

12. Functional Group Examples
The –COOH functional group is characteristic of all organic carboxylic acids H C OH O
Methanoic Acid: Meth = 1 carbon oic acid = OOH functional group

13. Benzene Ring H C H H C C C C H C H H

14. Name that Compound! H H H H H
C C C C C H H H H H H H
Pentane

15. Name that Compound! H H
C C C C C H H
Pentene

16. Name that Compound H
C C H OH H O
Ethanonic acid

17. Name that Compound H H
C C H OH H H
Ethanol

18. Name that Compound H
C C C H H H
Propyne

19. Crystal Meth
N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine

20. Answer These Questions
Pg 686 in HOLT Chemistry Book
# 3, 4, 7, 9, 11

21. #3 All are hydrocarbons Alkanes contain only single bonds
Alkenes contain at least one double bond
Alkynes contain at least one triple bond

22. #4

23. #7
A functional group is an atom or group of atoms that gives characteristics properties to organic compounds

24. H H H #9
H C C C
H H
H H H
C C C H
H H

25. # 11
Any structure that contains 7 Carbon atoms, an appropriate number of Hydrogen atoms, and at least one triple bond is correct.