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Published byMargery Cox Modified over 9 years ago
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Just Enough Chemistry for Genetics Cell Bio/Genetics Mr. Foster
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Types of Bonds Ionic Bond- –Ion - atom that has gained or lost electrons (e - ’s) –Transfer of e - ’s b/t 2 atoms –Metals and nonmetals (ex. NaCl) Covalent Bond- –Share e - ’s equally –Nonmetal and nonmetal (ex. H 2 O)
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Covalent Bond
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Types of Bonds (cont.) Polar Covalent Bond- –e - ’s are shared unevenly –One atom holds e - ’s closer (electronegativity) –H 2 O Hydrogen Bond- –A slightly +H of a polar cov. bond in one molecule is attracted to a slightly neg. atom of another molecule (WEAK) –Ex. H with O, F, N H H O
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Compounds of Life Organic- contain carbon VERY IMPORTANT Inorganic- usually do not contain carbon
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Organic Form chains or rings Form strong stable bonds Form 4 bonds Methane Benzene
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Compounds of Life (cont.) 1.Water –Most abundant compound in living organisms –Uneven distribution of electrons Polar molecule Give water unique characteristics –Wide range of temp. is liquid –Good solvent- dissolves many substances H H O - +
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2. Carbohydrates –C, H and O –Sugar & Starches (Glucose) (Glycogen) –Functions Provide energy Contribute to cellular structure –Hydroxyl functional group (R-OH) Compounds of Life (cont.)
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3. Lipids –C, H, O –Fats, oils, Waxes –Carboxyl group – (COOH) Compounds of Life (cont.) R OH ?
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Compounds of Life (cont.) 4. Proteins –C,H,O and N –Amino acids- building blocks –Functional group – amine group –Functions Structure Enzymes- biological catalysts
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Enzymes Substrate- (X) reactants effected by enzyme Active Site Enzyme Enzymes are very specific Enzymes are sensitive to temperature and pH
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5. Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA) –C, H, O, N, P –Building blocks Nucleotide –Functional Group- phosphate group –Functions Store genetic info. Transmit genetic info. Compounds of Life (cont.)
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