1. Ch. 2, Sect. 4—Exploring North America Vocabulary MercantilismColumbian Exchange Northwest PassageCoureur de bois

2. A Divided Church ► 1517—German priest, _________ broke away from Catholic Church. ► Began w/list of complaints about Catholic Church nailed to local church door. ► Declared only the ______ was the true guide for Christians. ► Rejected many church practices b/c they were not mentioned in the Bible (i.e. authority of the pope). ► They broke away and began their own __________ churches. ► His protests were the start of the religious movement known as the __________________. Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther.

3. Protestantism Spreads in Europe ► French religious thinker, ___________, also broke away from the Catholic Church. ► Rejected idea that good deeds would ensure a person’s salvation (faith would ensure this). ► Believed God had already chosen those who would be _______. ► King Henry VIII, also left Catholic Church, not for ________ reasons. ► Pope Clement VII refused to declare Henry’s first marriage invalid. ► 1534—English Parliament denied authority of the Pope and recognized the king as the head of the Church of ________. ► When Europeans settled in the Americas, they brought with them their religious beliefs of either __________ or __________. John Calvin

4. Economic Rivalry ► Religion was only one factor in crossing the Atlantic. ► Promise of great wealth was equally strong. ► Europeans watched ______ get riches from its colonies. ► Economic theory of __________ evolved. ► Mercantilism--________________________________. ► Rulers tried to increase their nation’s wealth by acquiring gold and silver and developing ______. ► Colonies provided resources and a market to sell ________ products. ► Rivalries between _______ started to emerge to see who could produce the most wealth by acquiring colonies that could provide valuable resources or raw materials. ► Led to the “Columbian Exchange”.

5. Columbian Exchange ► Columbus’s voyages along w/other explorers marked the beginning of connection between two parts of globe. ► ________________ was a two-way exchange between the Americas and Europe, Asia, or Africa. ► Exchange included 3 main things: 1. Plants 2. Animals 3. Diseases

7. Northwest Passage ► Treaty of Tordesillas divided Americas between Spain and ________. ► Did not allow claims by other nations, so England, France, and the Netherlands ignored the treaty. ► The 3 countries hoped to find a route through ____________ to get to Asia.  This became known as the _______________.  Going around Africa or South America was too long and difficult.

8. Northwest Passage Explorers ► 1497—England sent __________.  He landed on the coast of Newfoundland.  England used his voyage as the basis for their claims in North America. ► 1524—France hired Giovanni da Verrazano to look for a northern sea route.  Explored coast of North America, from Nova Scotia to the __________. John Cabot Giovanni da Verrazano

9. Northwest Passage Explorers ► 1535—French explorer, _______________ sailed up the St. Lawrence River, thinking it would lead to the Pacific. ► Instead, he saw a large mountain close to a village and named it Mont-Royal (________). ► Henry Hudson sailed for the _____________ in 1609. ► Came across a river, known today as Hudson River. ► 1 year later, sent by England and discovered a huge bay, known as ___________. Jacques Cartier Henry Hudson

10. French Trading Posts and Dutch Settlements ► French viewed North America as opportunity to profit from ______ and ______ trading. ► Group of French traders made agreement with Native Americans to trade fur. ► 1608—they sent Samuel de Champlain to establish a settlement in ______.  He described the beautiful scenery, abundant wildlife, and Native Americans he met there. ► French soon moved into other parts of ________. ► Built trading posts to collect furs gathered by Native Americans and French trappers. ► Trappers were called _____________--meaning “runners of the woods”.

11. Dutch Settlements ► Netherlands eager to claim share of world trade. ► ________ voyage became basis for Dutch claims on the continent. ► 1621—Dutch West India Company set up trading colony, called ____________. ► 1624—the company sent ____ families to settle in the area. ► Settled along the Hudson River. ► Center of the new colony was _______________, where the Hudson River enters New York Harbor.  New Amsterdam later became ______________. ► Now the Netherlands started colonies in the Americas. Trivia Did you know: NYC (Manhattan Island) was bought for about $24 in goods—cloth, axes, & hoes—by Governor Peter Minuit.