1. Section 1

2.   Chemical Energy:  Energy that matter possess because of its chemical makeup.  Where does the energy come from?  Movements of the atoms  Energy from the force of attraction between Hydrogen and Oxygen Chemical Energy

3.   Chemical bond:  Force of attraction between different atoms  This attraction binds the atoms together Chemical Energy

4.  Kinetic Energy  Energy an object possesses due to its motion  Atoms and molecules are in constant motion  There is even movement between the atoms in an ice crystal Potential Energy  Energy an object has because of its position  Ex: Water  Figure 2-3  When bonds are formed or broken

5.   All physical and chemical changes involve a change in energy  Examples: 1.Wood burns  Gives off heat 2.Solid to melt  Energy has to be added to make it melt  Energy: the capacity to do some type of work such as move an object. Changes in Energy

6.   Law of conservation of energy:  In any physical or chemical change, energy can change form but the total amount of energy remains constant  Energy can be converted from kinetic to potential energy but it cannot be created or destroyed. Energy

7.   Heat:  Total of the kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.  Heat is the most common way to transfer energy  Chemists keep track of energy transfers by defining the system Energy

8.   System:  All of the components that are being studied at a given time.  Everything outside of the system is the surroundings  Example: Heat pack  Page 43  Heat can be transferred from the system (heat pack) to its surroundings (your hands) on a cold day.  Heat energy can also be transferred from the surroundings to the heat pack. Energy

9.   Reactions in which heat is transferred from the surroundings into the system are _______________ reactions.  Endothermic reactions  Therefore, energy is not really “absorbed” it is converted into chemical energy or some other form of energy. Energy

10.   Temperature:  Measure of the average kinetic energy of the random motion of particles in a substance.  Temperature indicates how hot or cold something is.  To increase the temperature of water, energy has to be transferred to the water  As the temperature of the water increases the water molecules move and increase their average kinetic energy Energy transfer as Heat

11.   Specific Heat Capacity:  Amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a 1 gram substance by 1 Kelvin  The SI unit for energy is joule  Specific heat capacity is J/g x K  Table 2-2 has specific heats for some elements Specific Heat

12.   E = mc 2  E = energy  M = mass  C = the speed of light in a vacuum (2.998 x 10 8 m/s)  This equation shows that energy has a mass equivalent  Example on page 47 Mass & Energy

13.   Page 47  Questions 7-10  Do them on your iPad and send them to my email address Practice Questions