1. 05-FIRST 2 YEARS BIOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

3. BIOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Body Brain Senses Good health

4. BODY CHANGES

5. SIZE 2X birth weight by 4 months 3X birth weight by age 1 4X birth weight by age 2

6. HEAD SPARING If starving, the body stops growing, but not the brain The brain is the last part of the body to be damaged by malnutrition

7. SLEEP Good sleep = good health Newborns sleep 15 – 17 hours REM sleep Rapid eye movement Flickering of closed eyes Rapid brain waves Dreaming ½ of newborn sleep is REM sleep Declines with age

8. BRAIN DEVELOPMENT

9. NEURONS Basic nerve cell in central nervous system Axons Dendrites Synapses Intersection on neurons (axons & dendrites) Neurotransmitters Chemical messengers Carry information from one neuron to another Transient Exuberance & Pruning Transient Exuberance – Increases dendrites Pruning – Misconnected dendrites atrophy and die

11. BRAIN STRUCTURE

12. BRAIN STEM Automatic responses Heartbeat Breathing Temperature

13. CORTEX Outer layer of the brain Activities Thinking Feeling Sensing Visual Auditory Sensory Motor

14. PREFRONTAL CORTEX Last to develop Assists with self-control of impulses Reasoning Analysis Ethics

15. FUSIFORM FACE AREA Face perception “Own race effect” From experience

16. EXPERIENCE Types of experiences Experience-expectant The brain expects and needs certain experiences to develop. Based on experiences all infants have (e.g. being talked to) E.g. Being talked to results in learning language Experience-dependent Culture based E.g. Which language is learned

17. SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME Life threatening Blood vessels rupture in the brain Neural connections beak “Abusive Head Trauma”

18. SENSORY & MOTOR SKILLS

19. SENSATION-PERCEPTION-COGNITION Sensation Detects stimulus Perception Processes the stimulus Based on experience Cognition (Thinking) Gives meaning to the stimulus

20. MOTOR SKILLS Gross motor skills Large muscles E.g. walking Muscle strength Brain maturation (Motor cortex) Practice Fine motor skills Small muscles E.g writing

21. VISION Least developed at birth

22. GOOD HEALTH

23. IMMUNIZATION (VACCINATIONS) Creates antibodies for specific contagious diseases by stimulating the immune system. The flu Chicken pox Polio Risk of disease is much greater than risk from immunization

24. BREAST FEEDING Breast is best Colostrum High calorie fluid – first 3 days Milk Rich in iron & vitamins Provides antibodies (if mother has antibodies) Decreases risk of allergies, asthma, and stomach aches Decreases risk of obesity and heart disease in adulthood (many other factors involved)