1. 1 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 1 Training Birdie Stefan Rudat

2. 2 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 2 Agenda – – –

3. 3 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 3 Agenda – ★ no slides live introduction

4. 4 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 4 Overview Bi-directional DVB-AS to IP Converter Signal chain

5. 5 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 5 Birdie front panel

6. 6 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 6 Ethernet Basics 00:50:66:00:20:6C Destination MAC Adress 00:00:D1:EE:D2:65 Source MAC Adress IP,ARP, etc Payload 00 31 20 3A CRC Checksum 7 Byte AA preamble/SF D MAC Header 14 Byte Data ( 46 -1500 byte ) 08 00 Ethernet Type 4 byte Ethernet Type II Frame ( 64 to 1518 bytes

7. 7 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 7 IP Header Type of Service & Time to Live 00:50:66:00:20:6C Destination MAC Adress 00:00:D1:EE:D2:65 Source MAC Adress IP,ARP, etc Payload 00 31 20 3A CRC Checksum 7 Byte AA preamble/SF D 08 00 Ethernet Type VlAN-TAG 4 Byte IP 20 byte UDP 8 byte RTP 12 byte Payload 4 IHL HLl ToS16 Bit total Lenght 16 Bit Identification 32 Bit source IP address 32 Bit destination IP address flags13 Bit fragmet offset TTLprotocol 16 Bit header crc

8. 8 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 8 IP Header Type of Service & Time to Live 4IHLHLlToS16 Bit total Lenght 16 Bit Identification 32 Bit source IP address 32 Bit destination IP address flags13 Bit fragmet offset TTLprotocol16 Bit header crc * Version (always set to the value 4 in the current version of IP) * IP Header Length (number of 32 -bit words forming the header, usually five) * Type of Service (ToS) * Size of Datagram (in bytes, this is the combined length of the header and the data) * Identification ( 16-bit number which together with the source address uniquely identifies this packet - used during reassembly of fragmented datagrams)* Flags (a sequence of three flags (one of the 4 bits is unused) used to control whether routers are allowed to fragment a packet (i.e. the Don't Fragment, DF, flag), and to indicate the parts of a packet to the receiver)* Fragmentation Offset * Time To Live (Number of hops /links which the packet may be routed over, decremented by most routers - used to prevent accidental routing loops) * Protocol (Service Access Point (SAP) indicates the type of transport (e.g. 1 = ICMP; 2= IGMP; 6 = TCP; 17= UDP).* Header Checksum (A 1's complement checksum inserted by the sender and updated whenever the packet header is modified by a router Used to detect processing errors introduced into* Source Address (the IP address of the original sender of the packet)* Destination Address (the IP address of the final destination of the packet)

9. 000 (0) - Routine 001 (1) - Priority 010 (2) - Immediate 011 (3) - Flash 100 (4) - Flash Override 101 (5) - Critical 110 (6) - Internetwork Control 111 (7) - Network Control Now the TOS bits themselves: Delay - when set to '1' the packet requests low delay. Throughout - when set to '1' the packet requests high throughput. Reliability - when set to '1' the packet requests high reliability. Cost - when set to '1' the packet has a low cost. MBZ - checking bit. 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 9 Type of Service 1 Bit Delay 1Bit Throughput 1 Bit MBZ 3 Bit Precedence 1 Bit Cost 1 Bit Reliability Precedence - The following table details the precedence bits and their possible values: Support for ToS in routers may become a must in the future, but for now it’s only a ‘should’.

10. 10 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 10 Virtual Local Area Network VLAN 00:50:66:00:20:6C Destination MAC Adress 00:00:D1:EE:D2:65 Source MAC Adress IP,ARP, etc Payload 00 31 20 3A CRC Checksum 7 Byte AA preamble/SF D 08 00 Ethernet Type VlAN-TAG 4 Byte

11. 11 Tag Protocol Identifier Canonical Format Indicator ( bit order ) 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 11 Virtual Local Area Network VLAN VlAN-TAG 4 Byte TIP 2 byte Priority 3 Bit User Priority CFI 1 Bit VID 12 Bit VLAN Identifier ID 0 and 4095 reserved 4096 different VLANs

12. 12 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 12 Virtual Local Area Network VLAN VLAN ID 100VLAN ID 200 VLAN ID 100 VLAN ID 200 No Broadcast and Multicast traffic between different VLANs

13. 13 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 13 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) VLAN Multicast source Router IGMPv1 host IGMP Version 1 IGMPv1 (IETF RFC 1122) supports two types of protocol messages: membership query and membership report messages. An IGMPv1 host sends a report when it joins a multicast group. An IGMPv1 router queries periodically using query messages to determine the active members of a group. Whenever a host receives a query message, it responds with report messages (one report per group) for all its associated multicast groups.

14. 14 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 14 RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol Ethernet IP TCPUDP RTPRTCP

15. 15 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 15 RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol 00:50:66:00:20:6C Destination MAC Adress 00:00:D1:EE:D2:65 Source MAC Adress IP,ARP, etc Payload 00 31 20 3A CRC Checksum 7 Byte AA preamble/SF D 08 00 Ethernet Type VlAN-TAG 4 Byte IP 20 byte UDP 8 byte RTP 12 byte Payload VerPXMCCPTSequence Number Timestamp SSRC identifier CSRC identifiers Extension header (optional).

16. 16 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 16 RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol VerPXMCCPTSequence Number Timestamp SSRC identifier CSRC identifiers Extension header (optional). Ver. : (2 bits) Indicates the version of the protocol. Current version is 2.P : (1 bit) Used to indicate if there are extra padding bytes at the end of the RTP packet.X (1 bit) Indicates if the extensions to the protocol are being used in the packet.CC (4 bits) Contains the number of CSRC identifiers that follow the fixed header.M (1 bit) Used at the application level and is defined by a profile. If it is set, it means that the current data has some special relevance for the application.PT (7 bits) Indicates the format of the payload and determines its interpretation by the application. SSRC Indicates the synchronization source.CSRC Contributing source ID. Extension Indicates the length of the extension (EHL=extension header length) in 32bit units, header excluding the 32bits of the extension header.

17. 17 ➡ RTP does not address resource reservation ➡ does not guarantee quality-of-service for real time services 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 17 RTP ➡ used for the transport of real-time data, including audio and video includes: timing reconsruction loss detection security and content identification

18. 18 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 18 MPEG-TS over IP Ethernet HeaderPayload 00 31 20 3A CRC Checksum 7 Byte AA preamble/SF D Data ( 46 -1500 byte ) IP /UDP/RTP Header MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) is 1500 byte MPEG 2 188 Byte MPEG 2 188 Byte MPEG 2 188 Byte MPEG 2 188 Byte MPEG 2 188 Byte MPEG 2 188 Byte MPEG 2 188 Byte Note: Packet must be transmitted without fragmentation ! Seven MPEG 2 packets in one Ethernet Frame optimize the protocol overhead and is more cost efficient than transporting one MPEG 2 packet per Frame.

19. 19 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 19 Overview Frame Ethernet header UDP header MPEG TS PayloadEthernet CRC 188 Byte RTP header 188 Byte 12 Byte8 Byte IP header 20 Byte4 Byte14 Byte * Jumbo frames with larger MTU exist, but IP fragmentation is not allowed * IEEE802.3 Ethernet MTU 1500 Byte -> 7 TS Packets

20. 20 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 20 Forward Error Correction FEC 1D TS 1TS 2TS 3TS 4TS 5TS 6 TS 7TS 8TS 9TS 10TS 11TS 13 TS 15TS 16TS 17TS 18TS 19TS 20 TS 22TS 23TS 24TS 25TS 26TS 27 TS 6 TS 14 TS 21 TS 28 FEC 1FEC 2FEC 3FEC 4FEC 5FEC 6FEC 7 D rows L Columns TS stream FEC Stream

21. 21 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 21 Example of correction TS 1TS 2TS 3TS 4TS 5TS 6 TS 8TS 9TS 10TS 11TS 12 TS 24TS 15TS 16TS 17TS 18TS 19 TS 21TS 22TS 23TS 24TS 25TS 26 TS 6 TS 23 TS 20 TS 27 FEC 1 FEC 4FEC 5FEC 7 TS 7 FEC 3FEC 6FEC 2

22. 22 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 22 Example of Correction limitation TS 1TS 2TS 3TS 4TS 5TS 6 TS 13 TS 9TS 10TS 11TS 8 TS 15TS 16TS 17TS 18TS 19 TS 21TS 22TS 24TS 23TS 25TS 26 TS 6 TS 13 TS 20 TS 27 FEC 4FEC 5FEC 6 TS 7 ? ? FEC 1FEC 2FEC 3FEC 7 TS 12 ? ?

23. 23 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 23 Forward Error Correction FEC 2D TS 1TS 2TS 3TS 4TS 5TS 6 TS 7TS 8TS 9TS 10TS 11TS 13 TS 15TS 16TS 17TS 18TS 19TS 20 TS 22TS 23TS 24TS 25TS 26TS 27 TS 6 TS 14 TS 21 TS 28 FEC L1FEC L2FEC L3FEC L4FEC L5FEC L6FEC L7 D rows L Columns TS stream FEC Stream FEC D1 FEC D2 FEC D3 FEC D4

24. 24 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 24 Example of correction TS 1TS 2TS 3TS 4TS 5TS 6 TS 7TS 8TS 9TS 10TS 11TS 13 TS 15TS 16TS 17TS 18TS 19TS 20 TS 22TS 23TS 24TS 25TS 26TS 27 TS 6 TS 14 TS 21 TS 28 FEC L1FEC L2FEC L3FEC L4FEC L5FEC L6FEC L7 FEC D1 FEC D2 FEC D3 FEC D4

25. 25 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 25 Data stream TS and FEC Media IP UDPRTP MPEG-TS packets IP UDPRTP Column FEC packets IP UDPRTP Row FEC packets UDP Port n UDP Port n +2 UDP Port n +4 Same destination IP address unicast or multicast

26. 26 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 26 Data stream TS and FEC IP UDP RTP MPPEG TS IP UDP RTP Column FEC packets IP UDP RTP Row FEC packets The receiving host can use : ✴ MPEG Stream without FEC ✴ MPEG Stream with 1D FEC ✴ MEPG Stream with 2D FEC

27. 27 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 27 FEC Transmission overhead related to pure RTP Matix (L,D)1D FEC2D FEC 4,432%58% 10,2016%26% 5,2020%32% 20,526%32%

28. 28 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 28 You pay only for features you need License available for: ‣ ASI Port Input ( ASI to IP ) ‣ ASI Pot Output ( IP to ASI ) ‣ COP3 FEC ‣ 1000base T ‣ SFP ✴ unique License Key valid for one Unit,

29. 29 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 29 Demo Setup Demo Setup gb-0 ASI OUTASI IN Birdie as Test Pattern Generator

30. 30 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 30 Hands on Setup Ethernet Interface The serial port operates at 115200Baud, 8N1. The serial port is mainly used for initial configuration Target: Setup Ethernet IP address Setup default gateway Establish http connection

31. 31 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 31 Hands on Setup IP to ASI and IP to ASI Target: Setup Gbe-0 IP adress Setup ASI Session for ASI Output Setup ASI Session for ASI Input

32. 32 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 32 Target Target

33. 33 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 33 HTTP Interface HTTP Interface

34. 34 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 34 OPSH OPSH

35. 35 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 35 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting >net show NET INTERFACE:DESCR IF OPER-STATUS ADMIN-STATUS MTU PHYS-ADDR TX-OCT RX-OCT"lo" 1 up up 16436 190412 190412"eth0" 2 up up 1500 00:50:66:00:20:6c 871270 1051075"gbe-0" 3 up up 1500 00:50:66:00:20:6d 98806 2878344372"mt-0" 4 up up 204 1295829668 0"dai-0" 5 up up 204 0 0"mt-1" 7 up up 204 0 1376880792"dao-1" 9 up up 204 0 0NET INTERFACE: ADDR IF MASK 10.2.0.209 eth0 255.255.255.010.10.10.10 gbe-0 255.255.255.0 127.0.0.1 lo 255.0.0.0 Network Interfaces

36. 36 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 36 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting net ethernet showETHERNET CONFIG: NAME AUTONEG PORT SPEED DUPLEX eth0 enabled tp any anygbe-0 enabled fibre any any Network Interfaces

37. 37 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 37 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Video video show VIDEO INTERFACE INPUT: NAME SESSION ENCAPS COP3-FEC D L MC-TTL TOS MPEG-FEC IF-ID ADMIN-STATUS OPER-STATUS"mt-0" gbe-0 239.0.0.2:1234 rtp fec2d 6 4 7 00 false "" up upVIDEO PORT INPUT: NAME PORT-TYPE PORT-ID ADMIN-STATUS OPER-STATUS"dai-0" input "" up upVIDEO INTERFACE OUTPUT: NAME SESSION ENCAPS MPEG-TYPE CLK- MODE IPTV-RXT IF-ID ADMIN-STATUS OPER-STATUS"mt-1" gbe-0 239.0.0.10:1234 rtp auto adaptive 200 usec "" up upVIDEO PORT OUTPUT: NAME PORT-TYPE FRAME-TYPE KEEP-IDLE-CARRIER PORT-ID ADMIN-STATUS OPER-STATUS"dao-1" output packet false "" up up

38. 38 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 38 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting tcpdump -i -c port # tcpdump -i gbe-0 -c 10 port 1234tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decodelistening on gbe-0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 68 bytes09:11:03.458333 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1234: UDP, length: 132809:11:03.468982 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1234: UDP, length: 132809:11:03.468997 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1238: UDP, length: 134409:11:03.469013 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:11:03.479628 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1234: UDP, length: 132809:11:03.490276 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1234: UDP, length: 132809:11:03.500923 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1234: UDP, length: 132809:11:03.511570 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1234: UDP, length: 132809:11:03.511585 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1238: UDP, length: 134409:11:03.511600 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134410 packets captured Trace MPEG Stream to port 1234 ★ Use gbe-0. for VLAN e.g tcpdump -i gbe-0.100 -c 10 port 1234

39. 39 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 39 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting tcpdump -i -c port tcpdump -i gbe-0 -c 10 port 1236tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decodelistening on gbe-0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 68 bytes09:15:14.836835 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:14.879428 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:14.922016 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:14.964606 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:15.007199 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:15.049786 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:15.092377 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:15.134970 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:15.177557 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:15.220147 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134410 packets captured Trace FEC Stream to port 1236