1. 1 WSTF Field Monitors Training Workshop Introduction to the Kenyan Water and Sanitation Sector By: P. Matseshe, HSC., Quality Assurance Manager 11/9/2015 Phanuel Matseshe, HSC (Quality Assurance Manager)

2. 2 Background: Before 1974, water was managed by the Department of Water Development (DWD) which was housed in various ministries including Public Works, Natural Resources and Agriculture In 1974, the Government upgraded the DWD in Ministry of Agriculture’s into a full Ministry of Water The Ministry developed a National Water Policy which was adopted by Parliament as Sessional Paper No 1 of 1999 in April, 1999. The National Water Policy on Water Resources Management and Development provides the policy direction In a nutshell, the Policy moved the Ministry away from direct service provision to regulatory and coordination functions! To implement the policy, the Water Act, Cap 372 was repealed and the Water Act 2002 was prepared 11/9/2015 Phanuel Matseshe, HSC (Quality Assurance Manager)

3. 3 The Sector Reform Programme: The Water Act 2002 was gazetted in 2003 and implementation began in 2004 During 2004 to 2005,new institutions were established and given legal mandates according to the Act These institutions include the WASREB, WSBs, WSTF, WRMA and some WSPs The Transfer Plan was approved in July 2005 The Ministry of Water and Irrigation has already handed over all water supply utilities to these new institutions 11/9/2015 Phanuel Matseshe, HSC (Quality Assurance Manager)

4. 4 Institutional Framework under the Water Act, 2002: 11/9/2015 Phanuel Matseshe, HSC (Quality Assurance Manager)

5. 5 The Ministry of Water and Irrigation The functions of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation are policy making and coordination. More specifically, its functions are to develop and formulate: Water Resources management Policy Water and Sanitation Services Policy Water Quality and Pollution Control Policy Flood Control and Land Reclamation Policy Waste Water Treatment and Disposal Policy National Irrigation Policy and Policy on Water Schemes and Community Water Projects 11/9/2015 Phanuel Matseshe, HSC (Quality Assurance Manager)

6. 6 The Water Resources Management Authority (WRMA) WRMA is charged with responsibility for: Managing, regulating, protecting, apportioning and Conserving water resources naturally Including trans-boundary waters 11/9/2015 Phanuel Matseshe, HSC (Quality Assurance Manager)

7. 7 The Water Resources Management Authority (cont.) For WRMA to achieved its mandate, the country is divided into the following six regions: Lake Victoria North Catchment Lake Victoria South Catchment Rift Valley Catchment Athi Catchment Tana Catchment Ewaso Nyiro North Catchment Catchment Area Advisory Committees (CAACs) work is to help the WRMA in water and environmental conservation activities through the regional managers 11/9/2015 Phanuel Matseshe, HSC (Quality Assurance Manager)

8. 8 The Water Services Regulatory Board (WASREB) The regulatory role of WASREB includes: Issuing licenses, Setting service standards Establishing guidelines for setting tariffs Providing mechanisms for handling complaints The responsibility for providing water and sewerage services is vested in the eight (8) regional Water Service Boards (WSBs) 11/9/2015 Phanuel Matseshe, HSC (Quality Assurance Manager)

9. 9 The Water Services Boards (WSBs) The Water Services Boards have been established at the regional level and delineated on the basis of catchments, administrative boundaries and economic viability WSBs are responsible for efficient and economical water and sewerage service provision in their areas of jurisdiction. The WSBs have six (6) roles: 1.A regulator (As sole licensee of WASREB it shall ensure that service standards and guidelines set by WASREB are observed) 2. Manager and Operator (Maintained and adhered to by its agents the WSP WSB has responsibility over the overall organisation supervision and administration of the water services sub-sector within its area of jurisdiction) 11/9/2015 Phanuel Matseshe, HSC (Quality Assurance Manager)

10. 10 The Water Services Boards (WSBs) (cont.) 3. Developer WSB is responsible to ensure that existing facilities are properly maintained rehabilitated and expanded and new assets established 4. Assets Holder WSB is expressly required to be new owner (custodian) of Government WSS facilities/equipment, land and premises 5. Appoints WSP WSB appoints/contracts WSPs to operate and manage facilities and provide services in a given area 6. WSP of Last resort WSB can only do so in certain circumstances with authority of WASREB 11/9/2015 Phanuel Matseshe, HSC (Quality Assurance Manager)

11. 11 The Water Service Providers (WSPs) A WSP is defined as “a company”, as a non-governmental organisation or other legal entity providing water services under and in accordance with an agreement with a licensee (i.e. the Water Services Board). The key responsibilities of the WSP are: Bidding for service provision Operating and maintaining facilities Complying with quality standards and service levels; and Billing and revenue collection 11/9/2015 Phanuel Matseshe, HSC (Quality Assurance Manager)

12. The Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation The Government has made significant progress in developing an Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene Policy that mandates the Ministry of Health to spearhead such activities The Ministry of Health is expected to provide leadership to all concerned agencies including MoLG, MWI and NGOs among others in the sector The policy has outlined the following instruments in promoting hygiene: The use of participatory approaches or methodologies Communication approaches that incorporate tested household health education messages Development of training tools and promotional materials Conducting campaigns and exhibitions Partnerships with media, a national sanitation week or day in line with the WASH Dakar Road map

13. The Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation (cont.) The policy has also outlined the following instruments in promoting hygiene: Proposes the celebration of a sanitation week as an action- oriented program to raise the political profile of sanitation, and information on a range of safe sanitation options, with clear implications for aiding household choices School sanitation is a top priority within the Policy which has committed to ensuring that every school has separate boys and girls sanitary facilities by 2010 It affirms children’s right to basic facilities, such as toilets, safe drinking water, clean surroundings and information on hygiene

14. 14 The Cooperating Partners of the WSTF The cooperating partners of the WSTF include the following; Government of Kenya Sida (Swedish International Development Agency) Danida (Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs) GTZ (German Technical Cooperation) KfW (German Development Bank) European Union Government of Finland UNICEF WSP (water Sector Programme) of the World Bank African Development Bank (ADB) K-Rep Bank 11/9/2015 Phanuel Matseshe, HSC (Quality Assurance Manager)

15. 15 NGOs and CBOs NGOs, community based organisations and self-help schemes Other actors include local communities, various institutions, churches and NGOs who operate and maintain their own water supply systems According to the 1994 After Care Study carried out by JICA, 4.8 % of the total population served was by informal sources: Community: 339 Non-Government Organisations: 266 Self-help Schemes: 243 11/9/2015 Phanuel Matseshe, HSC (Quality Assurance Manager)

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