1. Georgia as Part of a New Country
Chapter 5:
Georgia as Part of a New Country

2. Post-Revolutionary Georgia
Economics and Agriculture
Cotton, Tobacco, Rice, Indigo…
War brought financial chaos
Money, banks, trade…
Rise of the plantation
Panic of 1837:
Inflation: rapid price increase
Depression: period of sharp economic downturn
Banks, businesses, and farms failed

3. Post-Revolutionary Georgia
Transportation
Building of railroads (early 1800s)
Shortened travel time
Horses, boats and stage coaches
Roads had been old Indian footpaths
Plank Roads: logs spread across wet areas
Turnpikes (Toll roads): Highways built by Federal government
—Increase of railroad tracks
Southern End: Terminus (Atlanta)

4. Post-Revolutionary Georgia
Religion
Churches grew in size and importance
Anglican, Quakers, Baptists, Methodists…
1787: Springfield Baptist founded by free blacks
Jewish synagogue established in Savannah
1796: 1st Catholic church in Wilkes County
1801: Savannah
Sunday and weekday services
Buildings used as town meetings

5. Post-Revolutionary Georgia
Education
Slow growth; many not schooled
1784: set aside and land and named trustees for a state college
Land Grant University: federal gave land
1785: University of Georgia (Oldest)
1786: Georgia Legislature required all counties to open schools
Wealthy could afford colleges
Females rated very low
The building of the University of Georgia

6. Post-Revolutionary Georgia
Frontier and Town Societies
Frontier: undeveloped/unsettled lands in West & Central Georgia
Trading Posts the only stores
Homesteads under attack from Indians and British loyalists (Tories)
Newspapers kept citizens informed
Theatres, debating societies, concerts, libraries, horse racing…
Food recipes passed down through the generations
Hospitals, orphanages, communities for special needs

7. Post-Revolutionary Georgia
Eli Whitney
Cyrus McCormick
Technology and Medicine
Eli Whitney: cotton gin
Cyrus McCormick: mechanical reaper
Dr. Crawford Long: ether-a chemical to help numb a patient during medical practices such as surgery
Railroads
Highways

8. Articles of Confederation
First attempt at a governing document.
Created a weak national government with the emphasis on STATES’ RIGHTS: a loose union where the state maintained its own sovereignty, freedom, and independence
“…a firm league of friendship with each other…”
One house legislature (Unicameral)
Confederation Congress
Each State had ONE vote
9 out 13 states had to approve any decision

9. Federal Gov’t Powers Powers of Congress Declare war Coin money
Establish Post Offices
Send and recall ambassadors
Congress could NOT
Levy taxes
Impose or place upon
Regulate or control trade of goods
Tariffs were set by the states
Taxes on imported goods
No Judicial or Executive (President) branches

10. Constitutional Convention
Began as a way for the large states to discuss trade issues.
Met SECRETLY in Philadelphia (1787).
55 Delegates
Every state but Rhode Island
Wealthy, respected, merchants, physicians, generals, governors, lawyers…
George Washington— Chairman
James Madison— ”Father of the Constitution
Drafted much of the final copy
James Madison

11. The Virginia Plan State Pop DL 59 NC 394 GA 83 VA 692 NJ 184 NY 340 RI
Small
Large
Large States
Proposed by Governor Edmund Randolph (Virginia)
Included the following:
3 Branches of government
Checks and balances
Bicameral legislature
Membership based on free population of state
Legislature chooses executive
Make laws
Set up the courts
Small states felt this gave far too much power to the Larger states
State
Pop DL 59 NC
394 GA 83 VA
692 NJ
184 NY
340 RI 69 PA
434 NH
142 MD
320 SC
249 MA
379 CT
238
Chart is in thousands

12. The New Jersey Plan Small States
Wanted to change very little about the Articles of Confederation.
Unicameral legislature
Each state would have equal representation.
Allow Congress to tax nation’s citizens
Edmund Randolph

13. Connecticut (Small State) Roger Sherman, Connecticut
The Great Compromise
Connecticut (Small State)
Took ideas from both plans and constructed what we now know as the Constitution.
Compromise: a way to settle disagreements in which each side gives way a little in it’s demands
Created a bicameral (two house) legislature:
Senate: upper house…each state has 2 members
House of Representatives: lower house…by state population
Roger Sherman, Connecticut

14. Secondary Convention Issues
Slavery
Three-fifths Compromise: 3/5 of the states slave population could count towards the overall population
i.e slaves in a state=3000 counted towards that states population
The U.S. Constitution does NOT mention slavery
An agreement was made that in 20 years (1807) importation of slaves would stop
Fugitive Workers Clause: Runaway slaves must be returned to their masters
Representation
House of Representatives: popular vote
Senate: selected by the state legislature
President: Electoral vote
Commander-in-Chief of U.S. armed forces
Responsible for relations with other countries
4 year term
What made the Constitution a great document was that it allowed for changes as the country grew (Amendment Process)
Amend: to change without having to rewrite (Bill of Rights: 1st Ten)

15. Constitutional Facts Georgia Signers: Abraham Baldwin and William Few
9 States needed to ratify (approve) the Constitution:
Delaware: 1st to ratify Constitution
Georgia: 4th to ratify Constitution (Jan. 2, 1788)
Rhode Island: last to ratify Constitution (1790)
Wanted all (Large) states to ratify before they signed.
George Washington: 1st President of U.S. (Aug. 30, 1789)

16. Post-Revolutionary Georgia
1785: Georgia’s capital moved from Savannah to Augusta
Met to change state constitution to be more like United States (1789)
Bicameral Legislature
General Assembly
Historic Augusta

17. Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello
United States Events
Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello
1803: Louisiana Purchase— Thomas Jefferson (3rd President) bought the Louisiana Territory (Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains) for $15 million from France.
France needed the money to fight the war in Europe against Britain
Britain impressed (took) American sailors and forced them into the British navy
Jefferson began an embargo of Britain (Ignored by merchants)
Stopped all trade with…
Britain was viewed worse than France due to their control of the Atlantic, impression, and their alliance with the Indians

18. War of 1812
Warhawks pushed the U.S. government to go to war with Great Britain
Southern and Western frontiersmen and land owners
June 1812: James Madison asked Congress to declare war
1814: British forces invaded Washington D.C.
Burned the Capitol and White House
Treaty of Ghent: ended the war returned everything to the way it was before the war
Battle of New Orleans: Andrew Jackson fought and defeated British forces AFTER the treaty was signed
Battle of New Orleans
Treaty of Ghent

19. Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Tallapoosa River In Alabama
Georgia in the War of 1812
March 1814: Andrew Jackson defeated a band of Upper Creek Indians, known as Red Sticks, in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, on the Tallapoosa River

20. Treaty of Ghent Ghent a city in Belgium
United States received NO new territory
Proved to the rest of the world that the U.S. was willing to fight for it’s continued independence
States began to feel united as one nation
Economy changed
Industry grew

21. Land and Westward Movement
With the defeat of the British and their Indian allies, came the desire of the U.S. and its citizens to move west.
West is central/western present day Georgia and the Alabama/Mississippi territory.
Public Domain Lands: belonging to state or federal government
Headright System: each white male counted as a ‘head’ and could receive up to 1000 acres
Land east of the Oconee River
Land Lottery: for a fee, white males over 21 could buy a chance to win land

22. Yazoo Land Fraud
A scam by the Georgia Legislature and Governor George Matthews in which 4 land companies BRIBED them to sell land at a reduced rate
Results
People involved were thrown out of office
Money returned to state
Indians were forced off their land
Georgia lost a large part of it’s land (Alabama and Mississippi Territory)
Chattahoochee River becomes western boundary of Georgia
Federal Government gave Georgia money and promised to help with Indian removal
TRAIL OF TEARS

23. CREDITS I
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24. CREDITS II Page 17: http://www.monticello.org/