1. Diversification Brian O’Meara EEB464 Fall 2015 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b97sBw-sRNM

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3. 1 species260,000 species Same age, same starting diversity: why the difference? © Scott Zona © autan© zen Sutherland © Greg & Marybeth Dimijlan © Steve Chilton

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7. N(t) = N(0)e bt

8. Nee. Birth-death models in macroevolution. Annu Rev Ecol Syst (2006) vol. 37 pp. 1-17 N(t) = N(0)e bt ln(N(t)) = ln(N(0)e bt ) = ln(N(0)) + bt ln(N(0)) b = slope ln(2)

9. Nee. Birth-death models in macroevolution. Annu Rev Ecol Syst (2006) vol. 37 pp. 1-17 ln(N(t)) = ln(N(0)) + bt b = slope ln(2)

10. Nee. Birth-death models in macroevolution. Annu Rev Ecol Syst (2006) vol. 37 pp. 1-17 ln(N(t)) = ln(2) + bt b = slope ln(2)

11. Nee. Birth-death models in macroevolution. Annu Rev Ecol Syst (2006) vol. 37 pp. 1-17 ln(N(t)) = ln(2) + bt b = slope ln(2) ln(N(t))

12. Nee. Birth-death models in macroevolution. Annu Rev Ecol Syst (2006) vol. 37 pp. 1-17 ln(N(t)) = ln(2) + bt b = slope ln(2) t

13. Nee. Birth-death models in macroevolution. Annu Rev Ecol Syst (2006) vol. 37 pp. 1-17 ln(N(t)) = ln(2) + bt b = slope ln(2)

14. Nee. Birth-death models in macroevolution. Annu Rev Ecol Syst (2006) vol. 37 pp. 1-17 b = ( ln(N(t)) - ln(2) ) ÷ t b = slope ln(2)

15. b = ( ln(N(t)) - ln(2) ) ÷ t Magallón and Sanderson. Absolute diversification rates in angiosperm clades. Evolution (2001)

16. b = ( ln(N(t)) - ln(2) ) ÷ t Magallón and Sanderson. Absolute diversification rates in angiosperm clades. Evolution (2001)

17. b = ( ln(N(t)) - ln(2) ) ÷ t Magallón and Sanderson. Absolute diversification rates in angiosperm clades. Evolution (2001)

18. High diversification Low diversification

19. Nee et al. Extinction Rates can be Estimated from Molecular Phylogenies. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences (1994) vol. 344 (1307) pp. 77-82

20. Actual Reconstructed

21. b=0.1, d=0 b=1.0, d=0.9

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34. Alfaro et al. Nine exceptional radiations plus high turnover explain species diversity in jawed vertebrates. P Natl Acad Sci Usa (2009) vol. 106 (32) pp. 13410-13414