1. Unit 1 Advertising

2. Grammar and usage Direct speech and reported speech &
Reported speech: statements, questions and imperative sentences

3. Lead-in
Look at the following sentences:
Tom: What are you going to do this summer holiday?
Amy: I am going to travel to Beijing with my parents.

4. Now try to answer:
What did Amy say?
Amy said that she was going to travel to Beijing with her parents.

5. Direct speech & reported speech
What is the difference between direct speech and reported speech?
Direct speech is to report what exactly has been said while reported speech or indirect speech is to report what has been said without using exact words.

6. How can we change direct speech into reported speech?
We can change direct speech into reported speech by using an object clause or an infinitive phrase.

7. For example:
He said, ‘I’m used to such embarrassing comments.’
He said that he was used to such embarrassing comments.

8. ‘We must not give up in the face of pressure!’ she said.
She encouraged us not to give up in the face of pressure.

9. Besides the major changes in sentence structure, there are also changes in:
Personal pronouns
Tenses
Adverbials of time and place
Other cases

10. Personal pronouns:
She said, ‘I did some research.’
She said that she had done some research.
Ann said, ‘I have finished this letter.’
Ann said that she had finished that letter.

11. How to change the tenses:
Direct speech
Reported speech
Simple present
Simple past
Simple future
Future in the past
Past perfect

12. Direct speech
Reported speech
Presentcontinuous
Past continuous
Present perfect
Past perfect

13. Tips:
‘Light travels at a great speed,’ said Ms Li.
Ms Li said that light travels at a great speed.
We do not change the tense when we report a proverb or a fact that doesn’t change over time.

14. Adverbials of time and place:
e.g. Tom said, ‘I am working here today.’
Tom said he was working there that day.

15. The following table shows other examples: Direct speech
Reported speech
today
tomorrow
yesterday
next month
a week ago
that day/yesterday, etc.
the next day/the following day, etc.
the day before/ the previous day, etc.
the month after/the following month
a week before/ a week earlier, etc.

16. Other cases:
Some more examples of the changes:
Direct speech
Reported speech
this
these
come
that
those go

17. Read the advertisement and complete the letter on page 9.
Answers:
1. ____ 2. _______ 3. _________
4. _____ 5. ____ 6. _________
7. ______ 8. _______ 9. _______
10. ______
had read
was
would be
that
would
had thought
that
those
would
her

18. statements, questions and imperative sentences
Reported speech:
statements, questions and imperative sentences
1. Statements
We use noun clauses introduced by that
to report statements. The word that can
be omitted.
e.g. She said (that) advertisements were
almost everywhere nowadays.

19. promise announce suggest warn
There are more reporting verbs other than say and tell:
advise explain insist
promise announce suggest warn
e.g. The write explained that PSAs were
often run for free.

20. 2. Questions:
We use noun clauses introduced by whether/if to report yes/no questions.
e.g. Matt asked Ann, ‘Does Jason deserve
this ward?’
Matt asked Ann whether/if Jason
deserved this award.

21. We use noun clauses introduced by wh-words to report wh-questions.
e.g. ‘Where did you find the advertisements for jobs abroad?’ Bill asked.
Bill asked where I had found the advertisements for jobs abroad.

22. 3. Imperative sentences
To report imperative sentences, we can use the structure: reporting verb + object +(not) + to infinitive
e.g. The candidate said to the manager, ‘Please give me five minutes for preparation.’
The candidate asked the manager to give him five minutes for preparation.

23. 总 结 如果直接引语是一个陈述句，变成间接 引语时用that引导，有时也可省略。
e.g. She said, ‘Father, the boy is very naughty now.’
She told her father (that) the boy was very naughty then.

24. 2. 如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
e.g. ‘Light travels much faster than sound,’ she said to me yesterday.
She told me the day before that light travels much faster than sound.

25. advise encourage invite recommend warn
There are other verbs that can be used in this structure to report imperativesentences:
advise encourage invite recommend warn
e.g. ‘Don’t believe every advertisement you read,’ Michelle said to me.
Michelle advised me not to believe every advertisement I read.

26. 3. 如果直接引语中有明确表示过去的 时间状语，在变为间接引语时，一般过去时不必变为过去完成时。
e.g. He said, ‘The great inventor was born in 1884.’
He told me that the great inventor was born in 1884.

27. 4. 如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间
接引语时用whether/if 引导，且用陈述
句语序。
e.g. She asked me, ‘Are you the happiest person in your family?’
She asked me whether/if I was the
happiest person in my family.

28. 5. 如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接
引语时，仍用该特殊疑问词，用陈述句
语序。
e.g. She asked me, ‘When will the
advertisements be on air?’
She asked me when the advertisements would be on air.

29. e.g. ‘Go and see a doctor after class,’ my teacher said to me.
6. 转述祈使句时，我们使用该结构: 转述动词(ask/ tell/ order/ advise/ remind/ warn/ insist/ suggest/ invite/ encourage… ) + 宾语+ (not) to do
e.g. ‘Go and see a doctor after class,’ my teacher said to me.
My teacher advised me to go and see a doctor after class.

30. 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. My classmate asked me ______.
A. had I seen the film three days ago
B. had I seen the film three days before
C. if I had seen the film three days ago
D. whether I had seen the film three
days before

31. 2. He asked me ______ with me.
what the matter is
B. what the matter was
C. what is the matter
D. what was the matter
3. My friend really didn’t know _____ to help the dying boy.
A. what he could do B. how could he do
C. whether he can do D. what can he did

32. 将下列直接引语改为间接引语。
1. Mother said to her little daughter,
‘The earth is not flat but round.’
Mother told her little daughter (that) the earth is not flat but round.

33. 4. Shelly asked Andy _____ water the flowers while she was away.
A. didn’t forget to B. don’t forget to
C. not to forget to D. not forget to
5. She exclaimed (惊呼) ______.
A. what a difficult task it was
B. what it was a difficult task
C. what difficult task it was
D. what task it was difficult

34. 2. He asked, ‘How are you getting along
with your studies these days, Mary
and Jane?’
He asked Mary and Jane how they were getting along with their studies those days.

35. 3. “Alice, you feed the baby,” Mother said.
Mother asked Alice to feed the baby.
4. “Let’s have a rest,” our teacher said.
Our teacher suggested (that) we have a
rest.
5. “Don’t make this kind of foolish mistake
again,” she said to me.
She told / warned me not to make that
kind of foolish mistake again.

36. Homework
To do Part C2 on Page 92 of the Workbook.
To preview the Task.