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Catalysis: Concepts and Green Applications
Lecture slides for Chapter 1: Introduction to catalysis, green chemistry, and sustainable development. Most of the graphics here were drawn using PowerPoint and Chemdraw (version Ultra 9.0). Feel free to modify and/or add your own pyrotechnics. Please send any feedback to Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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The big picture Operational tools Practical approaches Green chemistry
Catalysis Green engineering Waste management Strategic goal Sustainable development Industrial ecology Process intensification Renewable energy Monitoring tools Life-cycle assessment E-factor, atom economy Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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The drivers of green chemistry
Economic benefit Lower capital investment Lower operating costs Societal pressure Government legislation Improved public image Less hazardous materials Safer and smaller plants Green chemistry High fines for waste Pollution control Producer responsibility Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Oxidation of diphenylmethanol to benzophenone
Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Relative efficiency of various engine types
100 90 80 70 % Efficiency 50 Costs of obtaining hydrogen 50 40 30 20 10 Gas electric Diesel electric Micro-turbine Hydrogen fuel cell Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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The traditional propene oxide route
Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Catalytic oxidation of propene
The SMPO process Catalytic oxidation of propene Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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The four stages of life-cycle assessment
Defining the scope Inventory analysis Impact analysis Improvement analysis Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Different types of catalysts
zeolite (crystalline aluminosilicate) enzyme (biocatalyst) copper-zinc crystallites on silica Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Examples of chemo- and diastereoselectivity
Regioselectivity Enantioselectivity Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Base-catalysed transesterification of triglycerides
Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.11 Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.12 Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.13 metal crystallite oxide support Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.14 Zeolite Y Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.15 Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.16 Adipic acid cis,cis-muconic acid E. coli cell H2 5000 KPa O2 900 KPa conc. HNO3 Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.17 Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.18 Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.19 Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.20 HF Pd Raney Nickel AlCl3 NaOEt H3O+ Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.21 Activity testing Mechanistic studies Parallel screening Novel reactor concepts Synthesis tools Process intensification Spectroscopy Surface science Microscopy Characterisation tools Quantum mechanics Molecular simulations Data mining Modelling tools Kinetic studies Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.22 substrate loop micromixer infrared flow cell air bubble air loop substrate pulse substrates catalysts solvent reservoir pump catalyst loop waste mixed substrate/ catalyst pulse Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.23 Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.24 Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.25 Carton manufacturing Carton filling Aluminium foil paperboard Raw materials LDPE Consumer Waste management Landfill disposal Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.26 Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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Figure 1.27 Catalysis/ Rothenberg, ISBN
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