1. Contribution of Penning trap mass spectrometry to neutrino physics Szilárd Nagy MPI-K Heidelberg, Germany New Instruments for Neutrino Relics and Mass, CERN, 8-Dec-2008

2. Introduction Techniques in high-precision Penning trap mass spectrometry Results related to neutrino physics Outlook Outline If m=100kg and  m=0.1kg, Rel. Precision  m/m =0.001 = 10 -3

3. Mass: fundamental information for fundamental physics E= mc 2 : Is Einstein right? How much is really 1kg? Where does QED theory fail? Is there physics beyond the Standard Model ? What is the rest mass of a neutrino?

4. Penning trap Cyclotron frequency: PENNING trap: Combination of a strong homogeneous magnetic field and weak electric quadrupole field ν-ν- ν+ν+ νzνz

5. Destructive and non-destructive detection Narrow-band FT-ICR 4.2 K radial energy  axial energy G. Gräff et. al Z. Phys. 297 35 (1980) 0 7 T TOF-ICR

6. (K. Blaum Phys. Rep. 425, 1-78 (2006) Penning trap mass spectrometer facilities worldwide facilities using HCI under construction

7. Stockholm-Mainz-Ion LEvitation-TRAP ~2000 ions 0-2 ions 500 pC 50nC 20pC I. Bergström et al. NIM A 487, 618 (2002)

8. Why to use highly-charged ions for mass measurements? In the case of 238 U 92 X higher resolving power can be achieved by using q=92+ ions.

9. M. Suhonen et al. JINST 2 P06003 (2007) G. Douysset Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4259 (2001) On the Q-value of the 76 Ge ββ -decay Not allowed by SM Manitoba SMILETRAP 2001 SMILETRAP Ramsey 2006 Manitoba 2 Q=2039.006(46) keV

10. m( 136 Xe) –m( 136 Ba)=2457.83(37) keV m( 136 Xe) =135.907 214 484 (11) u 8x10 -11 improvement by factor 380x The Q-value of the 136 Xe ββ -decay M. Redshaw et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 053003 (2007) E. G. Myers et al. formerly D. Pritchard MIT

11. ■ KATRIN will examine the shape of the tritium β spectrum at the highest energies. ■ If electron neutrinos had a nonzero mass, the maximum electron energy would be lower, and the shape of the spectrum different The Q-value of the Tritium β-decay

12. Stockholm value: Q= 18 589.8 eV Uncertainty: 1.2 eV Q-value of 3 H β-decay Sz. Nagy et al. Europhys. Lett., 74, 404 (2006) Seattle Stockholm

13. SMILE05 3,016,029,321 7 (26) u0.8 ppb 3H3H3,016,049,278 7 (25) u0.8 ppb Mass measurement of 3 He and 3 H

14. Outlook

15. VanDyckPTMS@Heidelberg UW-PTMS is relocated to MPI-K Heidelberg and is being built up in a new tritium-proof laboratory within the group of K. Blaum

16. B=7 T T=4.2K P=10 -13 mbar  B/B<10 -7 /cm 3 (  B/dt)·(1/B)<10 -10 /h The layout of the PENTATRAP in Heidelberg HCI from Heidelberg EBIT ~118 mm Preparation trap 1 Measurement trap Preparation trap 2 ~10 mm 77 K 20 K 4.2 K Merge into one novel setup: HCI+Cooling+cryoge nic trap+FT-ICR+ external ion injection Shielded room External ion injections Cryogenic temperatures No ion-ion interaction Short measurement cycle Continuous B-field monitoring/ calibration Merge into one novel setup: HCI+Cooling+cryoge nic trap+FT-ICR+ external ion injection Shielded room External ion injections Cryogenic temperatures No ion-ion interaction Short measurement cycle Continuous B-field monitoring/ calibration Monitor trap 2 Monitor trap 1 K. Blaum et. al Aimed precision is 10 -12

17. TRIGA-SPEC: TRIGA-TRAP and TRIGA-LASER Penning traps separator magnet ECR ion source detection systems Cs133 C-cluster source 7 T TRIGA-Laser TRIGA Port B 1m TRIGA Mainz W. Nörtershäuser et al Gas jet K. Blaum et al

18. TRIGA-TRAP is operational

19. Summary 38 Ca (T 1/2 = 440ms) PTMS Reaction Q RF Spectrometers Mass Spectrographs single ion ion cloud Masses must be measured with a clock! Smith Dehmelt, Gräff, van Dyck, Werth, Kluge 2009: 3 H Q-value in Heidelberg with 30 meV precision

20. Acknowledgements! K. Blaum group @MPI-K R. Schuch I. Bergström T. Fritioff @Smiletrap2 THANK YOU!