1. Mammal + ology = ? Mammalology ? Mammology ? Mammalogy !!!

2. Mammalian diversity 28 Extant (living) Orders 153 Families 1230 Genera ____________________ So what is classification? __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ ____:______________________

3. Is that a lot,? Amphibians4,020 species Reptiles6,600 species Birds10,000 species Fish25,000 species 250,000 described plants 1,000,000 described insects

4. So, not impressed? __________________________________ “ ” Mammals are the most geographically widespread and morphologically diverse group of vertebrates

5. Largest range of body sizes : Etruscan shrew or bumblebee bat, 2 g : African elephant, 6 metric tonnes = 6 million g : Blue whale, 103-150 tones = 150,000,000 g

6. Circle the largest animal……

7. Mammals have diverse habitats. _____________ ( )

8. In the ____

9. And under the ground: _______________________ Star mole: A mammal in the Shrew family found in swamps and marshes in North America

10. In the water: ________

11. Truly _______

12. True or false? Mammals evolved before the dinosaurs. Trivia:

13. True! Circle where mammals first “evolve” Make a box around when mammals show the greatest diversity

14. So, what makes it a mammal? : produces milk to feed young : live birth* : epidermis has hair* : produces heat metabolically instead of absorbing it from environment, regulates body temp at a stable level* But lots of other things, too....

15. Selected skeletal features (single bony element in lower jaw = dentary; stronger, simpler jaw. (3 ear ossicles = malleus, incus, stapes; (more efficient air flow, allows breathing while eating, suckling) (restricted to margin of jaw; process food better.

16. Why would it be better to have a hard palate then soft?________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____

17. (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal) WHY??? (reduces stress on spine, finer control of head movements) (no cervical or lumbar ribs; lighter skeleton, more flexible movement of spine) certain adaptations of vertebral column while permitting flexion/extension and torque ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ; Less energy required for development and maintenance of skeleton, lighter frame for quicker movement

18. _________________ (improved circulation, better oxygen delivery) (carry more oxygen) (supports higher metabolic rate) (enhanced breathing, gas exchange rate) (new set of muscles in mammals for greater control of jaw movements) (aid thermoregulation) (cerebral hemispheres of brain, greater coordination and learning ability)

19. Sustained energy production More or less related to a general trend for a greater capacity for, which is essential for: _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________.

20. A quick dash through the extant (living) mammalian orders....

21. Monotremata ( ) 2 Families, 5 species

22. Mostly South American _____________________ 3 Orders, 3 Families, 21 species

23. Mostly Australian and New Guinean _______________ 4 Orders, 18 Families, 237 species

24. Afrosoricida (______________________) 2 Families, 51 species Macroscelidea (________________) 1 Family, 15 species

25. Tubulidentata (_____________) 1 Family, 1 species Hyracoidea (_________) 1 Family, 4 species

26. _____________ (elephants) 1 Family, 3 species ________________ (dugongs and manatees) 2 Families, 5 species

27. Cingulata (_____________) 1 Family, 21 species Pilosa (_________________) 4 Families, 10 species

28. _________________ (tree shrews) 2 Families, 20 species ________________ (colugos) 1 Family, 2 species

29. ______________ (lemurs, lorises, monkeys, apes, students, etc.) 15 Families, 376 species

30. _______________ (rodents) 31 Families, 2277 species Half of all mammal species!

31. __________________ (rabbits and pikas) 3 Families, 92 species Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs) 1 Family, 24 species

32. ____________________ (shrews, moles, solenodons) 4 Families, 428 species

33. _________________ (bats) 18 Families, 1116 species > 20% of mammal species!

34. Pholidota (___________) 1 Family, 8 species

35. ___________ (dogs, cats, bears, mustelids, pinnipeds, raccoons, etc) 15 Families, 286 species

36. ______________ (horses, rhinos, tapirs) 3 Families, 17 species

37. ________________ (pigs, hippos, camels, deer, giraffes, antelopes, cattle, goats, sheep, etc.) 10 Families, 240 species

38. _____________ (whales, dolphins, porpoises) 11 Families, 84 species