1. Lightweight Remote Procedure Call BRIAN N. BERSHAD, THOMAS E. ANDERSON, EDWARD D. LASOWSKA, AND HENRY M. LEVY UNIVERSTY OF WASHINGTON "Lightweight Remote Procedure Call" "Lightweight Remote Procedure Call" by B. N. Bershad, T. E. Anderson, E. D. Lazowska, and H. M. Levy, Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pp. 102-113, December 1989. PRESENTER: ALIREZA GOUDARZI Jan 27, 2010 alirezag@cecs.pex.edu CS 533, Winter 2020, John Walpole

2. Waves of Computing Paradigms Centralized Virtualization & Cloud Distributed Limited capacity, expensive, hard to manage, low reliability …. Ubiquitous computing You are here

3. Distributed Computing OS Machine RPC: Inter-machine communication with abstraction of a procedure call. Each machine run a monolithic kernel OS Distributed application talk to each other Machines ( OS ) talk to each other Domain of protection is an entire machine OS internally is one piece OS Machine OS Machine OS Machine

4. Emergence of Microkernel in OS Modularity correctness hit the kernel atmosphere From Wikipedia : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Windows_NT

5. Microkernel Implications Separate components Separate protection domains – Might or might now sharing the same address space Component inter-comm. in a shared memory  conventional IPC What’s wrong with that ?

6. IPC way too much coupling between components – Logic and semantics of components are exposed Defies the purpose of modular design Difficult to use Control flow transfer is awkward ? You are here What’s the problem?

7. THE BIG PROBLEM Control flow transfer Data transfer Separate address space On a same memory space

8. RPC Syntax of a procedure call Semantics of a procedure call But!....

9. RPC : Control Flow / Data Transfer ClientKernel Server 4 context switch, 4 buffer copy, expensive access validation, expensive stubs Expensive scheduling Different naming but gist of it is that these are separate address spaces ( might be in the same shared memory or not ) and to give them access to the data you have to copy the data back and forth Any Alternatives?

10. Protected Procedure Call Each object is protected with an Access Control List (ACL) Different objects can access each other if their have the right permission to another object. Then an object can call a procedure if it has sufficient right to do so. But….

11. Protected Procedure Call It is just a procedure call. Within a single address space address space / protection domain => NO REAL IPC

12. Solution Lightweight Remote Procedure Call IPC semantics of remote procedure call Efficiency of protected procedure call + =

13. Lightweight-RPC : The Middle Way Observations in RPC systems : – Most communications are not cross-machines – Most attributes are simple not complex LRPC as a RPC exploiting the single machine boundary.

14. Main Gains Simple control transfer ( b/w addr. spaces) Simple data transfer ( b/w addr. spaces) Simple stubs ( low overhead ) Designing with single-machine-concurrency in mind.

15. LRPC Call: Control Flow Transfer Procedure Call ( hand-off scheduling) Semantics imply we can safely bypass scheduler ! Why? We can invoke the server procedure with only one formal call !!! How?

16. LRPC: Call Client Stub Kernel Stub Server A-Stack L-StackE-Stack P-ID U-thread + Server Stack 2- Copy of Param. 1- call 3 – prepare the context 4-upcall

17. LRPC Call : Multiprocessor TLB miss problem in server domain CPU context caching in multiprocessor system CPU idles on server / client domain – CPU context migration is cheaper than flushing and reloading TLB No locks only one for each A-stack queue in client stub.

18. LRPC: Binding How does validation work? ( call / return ) How does client find the server? How does kernel allocate and manage memory?

19. LRPC Binding: Client Import Client Stub Kernel Stub Server 1- registration 2- listening A-Stack 3- request Binding O 4- binding L-StackE-Stack PDL 3- response

20. Special Cases Between Machine Calls Complex/Large Params. Termination

21. Q & A You are here