1. Land Part 2 SJCHS

2. Mining and Minerals Minerals and metals must be collected Mined from ore deposits Collected from water Can take thousands of years for minerals to form (nonrenewable) Over mining harms environment and soil

3. Mining and Minerals Applications Currency Industrial and Building Technology Overuse of minerals could result in a “mineral crisis”

4. Cities Cities: Centers of population and commerce City planning: Control of city growth

5. Cities City Plans Concentric cities: Business/ industry in the center; residential areas outside

6. Cities Sector cities: Business in center; other areas are divided into industrial, residential, recreation areas

7. Cities Multi-nuclei cities: No one large center for business; multiple business, residential, industrial areas throughout the city Plan for most cities

8. Cities Zoning: Keeping certain activities (industry, farming) in specific areas of the city

9. http://www.cityofpittsfield.org/city_departments/communi ty_development/docs/ZoningMap_Citywide_200909.pdf

10. Cities Aesthetics: How an area looks

11. Cities Transportation: Consider needs of private and public transportation; must also consider safety and efficiency

12. Transportation in LA and Las Vegas

13. Cities Private vehicles Pros: Convenience, good in low population areas Cons: Expensive, pollution, high risk of accidents

14. Cities Buses and Subways Pros: Low cost for passengers in high population areas Cons: Inconvenient, Slow, High maintenance

15. Cities Trains Pros: Fast, low pollution Cons: Inconvenient, Expensive, Requires track

16. Cities Planes Pros: Fast, low pollution, Global Cons: Inconvenient, Expensive, Requires Airports

17. Cities Sustainability: Considering the needs of the environment Zoning: Maintaining parks, farms; limiting pollution from industry Transportation: Bike lanes, “green” technology

18. Cities Polluted areas in a city can be cleaned and reused Brownfield site: Former industrial location; low pollution Superfund site: Serious pollution; usually cleaned by the EPA Environmental remediation: Removal of contaminations to make an area safe for human health

19. http://www.epa.gov/region1/ge/ http://www.epa.gov/region1/superfund/ind ex.html Pittsfield/GE/Housatonic Superfund website

20. Globalization Globalization: Trading goods, services, or information throughout the world Pros: New resources and ideas, greater understanding of other cultures Cons: Exploiting workers and resources in developing nations, large financial disasters

21. Globalization Organizations World Bank: Helps developing countries International Monetary Fund (IMF): Helps with globalization growth and economic stability World Trade Organizations (WTO): Helps countries negotiate trade deals United Nations (UN): Maintains global peace, human rights, and security