1. ElectricityElectricity and Resources

2. Electricity Static Is stationary E.g. Brush your hair Wool socks in tumble drier Current Flows around circuit E.g. turn on light portable radio/MP3 Electricity occurs in 2 different forms

3. Static Electricity Occurs with materials which are insulators Rubbing adds or removes electrons Object becomes charged Like objects repel, unlike attract

4. Current Electricity Electrons flow through a conductor Negative to positive Circuit = continuous loop for electrons to flow Needs energy supply (battery) Energy user (bulb)

5. Electrical components Wire Ammeter Battery Fuse Connected wires Bulb Switch Voltmeter diode Resistor Rheostat

6. CIRCUIT TYPES The simplest type of circuit involves electricity going around with no “choices” (electrons don’t really choose). This is called a Series circuit. Draw the path the electrons travel. The other main type of circuit has two or more branches. This is called a Parallel circuit. Draw on the electron flow.

7. Series circuit Has a single loop for electrons to travel round Components are connected one after another Current has to travel through all components Current is the same at all points Voltage is shared between components

8. Parallel circuit Has two or more paths for electrons to flow down Current is shared between the branches Sum of the current in each branch = total current

9. When the circuit is open the flow of electrons stops; when the circuit is closed then the flow of electrons moves throughout the circuit.

10. Electricity Electricity is forced around a circuit by an electrical force field of electrons Flow of electricity around a circuit is called CURRENT (I) measured in amps (A) by an ammeter

11. Voltage (V) – Increase or decrease in the amount of electrical energy carried by the current, measured by voltmeter

12. Current (I) Current is the flow of electrons around a circuit DC = direct current like battery Electrons flow in one direction AC = Alternating current like mains Electron flow changes direction

15. Power Grids Power travels from the power plant to your house through an amazing system called the power distribution grid. http://science.howstuffworks.com/en vironmental/energy/power.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/en vironmental/energy/power.htm

16. http://www.energyq uest.ca.gov/story/ch apter06.htmlhttp://www.energyq uest.ca.gov/story/ch apter06.html electricity is generated in a power plant

17. http://www.energyq uest.ca.gov/story/ch apter07.htmlhttp://www.energyq uest.ca.gov/story/ch apter07.html transformers at the power plant boosts the voltage

18. smaller transformers on the poles take that voltage down to usually 7,200, from the power leaving this substation.

19. Ammeter Measures CURRENT(I) Unit = Amp (A) Current is flow of electrons

20. Voltmeter Measures voltage Unit = Volt (V)

21. SUMMARY In SeriesIn Parallel Current Voltage Always the same The branches share electrons and add to the total Voltage from source = voltage used Voltage is shared between power users Voltage is the same in all branches

22. Forms of Energy Mechanical Chemical Electrical

23. Forms of Energy Mechanical- the energy an object has from its motion or its potential. a. kinetic- an object in motion b. potential- a result of position or ability to perform work

24. Forms of Energy 2. Chemical- released in a chemical reaction, often forms heat Batteries Biomass Petroleum Natural gas coal

25. Forms of Energy Electrical- energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor

26. Resources

27. Ways to Get Electricity Fossil Fuels Hydroelectricity Nuclear Wind Tidal Geothermal Solar

29. Fossil Fuels

30. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons found within the top layer of the earth’s crust. Formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants and animals by exposure to heat and pressure in the Earth's crust over hundreds of millions of years.

31. 3 types Coal Oil Natural Gas

32. Disadvantages Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a "greenhouse gas," trapping heat in the lowest part of the earth's atmosphere. This contributes to "global warming" –

33. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is a key contributor to acid rain, primarily in the northeast U.S. Nitrogen oxide contributes to acid rain and smog, as well as health issues such as lung inflammation, immune system changes and eye irritation.

34. They use up valuable and limited natural resources They can produce a lot of pollution-When coal, natural gas or oil are burned, they release gases into the atmosphere: Companies have to dig up the Earth or drill wells to get the coal, oil, and gas

35. Fossil Fuels Once used up takes MANY, MANY years (longer than our lifetime) to replenish

36. Hydroelectric power

37. Produced by Using water Most hydroelectric power plants have a dam and a reservoir.

38. Hydro Dam

39. Advantages Fuel is not burned so there is minimal pollution Water to run the power plant is provided free by nature Hydropower plays a major role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions Relatively low operations and maintenance costs The technology is reliable and proven over time It's renewable - rainfall renews the water in the reservoir, so the fuel is almost always there

40. Disadvantages High investment costs Hydrology dependent (precipitation) In some cases, using up land and wildlife habitats In some cases, loss or modification of fish habitat Fish entrainment or passage restriction In some cases, changes in reservoir and stream water quality In some cases, displacement of local populations

41. Nuclear power

43. Nuclear power is energy which is produced with the use of a controlled nuclear reaction. Many nations use nuclear power plants to generate electricity for both civilian and military use, and some nations also utilize nuclear power to run parts of their naval fleets, especially submarines.

44. Wind Power

45. Wind power is produced by using wind generators to harness the kinetic energy of wind. It is gaining worldwide popularity as a large scale energy source, although it still only provides less than one percent of global energy consumption.

46. Tidal Power

47. Tidal energy is produced through the use of tidal energy generators. These large underwater turbines are placed in areas with high tidal movements, and are designed to capture the kinetic motion of the ebbing and surging of ocean tides in order to produce electricity.

48. Geothermal

49. Solar Solar water heating Photovoltaic cells Solar furnace

50. Transferring Heat Energy Heat is transferred from hot to cold objects in 3 ways Conduction Convection Radiation

51. Effects of Heating Temperature Rise Expansion Change of State

52. Life Cycles

53. Carbon Cycle

54. In the atmosphere, carbon is attached to some oxygen in a gas called carbon dioxide. Plants use carbon dioxide and sunlight to make their own food and grow. The carbon becomes part of the plant. Plants that die and are buried may turn into fossil fuels made of carbon like coal and oil over millions of years. When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

55. Nitrogen Cycle Like all living things, your body needs nitrogen. Your body gets the nitrogen it needs to grow from food.

56. Most plants get the nitrogen they need from soil. Many farmers use fertilizers to add nitrogen to the soil to help plants grow larger and faster.

57. Both nitrogen fertilizers and forest fires add huge amounts of nitrogen into the soil and nearby lakes and rivers. Water full of nitrogen causes plants and algae to grow very fast and then die all at once when there are too many for the environment to support.

58. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and traps heat in the atmosphere. Without it and other greenhouse gases, Earth would be a frozen world. But humans have burned so much fuel that there is about 30% more carbon dioxide in the air today than there was about 150 years ago, and Earth is becoming a warmer place.

59. Oxygen Cycle

60.  Plants are able to use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen in a process called photosynthesis.