1. In Australian Communities

2.  In Australia people are mostly employed in four sectors Industry Primary: produces raw materials e.g. wool, iron, meat, timber, uranium Secondary: makes goods by hand or machinary from raw materials e.g. the way milk is processed to make cheese or butter Tertiary: provides services/skill e.g. banking, transport, building, doctors Quatenary (information): the production of information e.g. people working in media or telecommunications

3.  During the 50s service jobs (tertiary and quaternary) expanded. This change continued with:  Steady decline in primary and secondary  Rapid expansion of tertiary and quaternary  There have also been changes in work patterns because of:  More variety in hours worked e.g. part time, job sharing, temp work, contract work and video conferencing  More individuals being self-employed

4.  Because of these changes:  Urban communities have boomed while rural communities have become smaller in population  More women have joined the workforce  Work-related communities have formed

5.  Cultural integration occurs when communities and governments celebrate diversity

6.  Includes changes in the rates of growth, birth, death and migration  Capital cities such as Perth, Melbourne, Brisbane and Sydney have all experienced growth  Sydney has experienced large increases and this has lead to a westerly spread of the population (e.g. growth in Liverpool, Blacktown and Baulkham Hills)  Urban sprawl has changed existing communities and created new communities

7.  Globalisation: people, goods, money and ideas moving around the world faster and cheaper  Improved air travel helps people move around quickly  Improved telecommunications and internet connects businesses  Governments/businesses are encouraged to think globally and links between countries are strengthening  E.g. Holden, 2014 (moving manufacturing overseas)

8.  Many individuals have different expectations for the community they live in. They may expect or be limited by:  A special geographic location e.g. near the water, city or bush  A cultural or religious community  Socioeconomic status i.e. income, occupation, education etc.

9.  Indigenous and non-indigenous communities are influenced by “Native Title”  Aboriginals who can prove they have native title rights to a piece of land may be able to access the land…  With full ownership  With partial ownership (where they have the right to fish, hunt & gather)

10.  When non-sustainable resources are depleted populations may leave an area  For example, when a gold mine is depleted there is no longer employment and so people move elsewhere

11.  New technologies can change communities by creating efficient and more productive ways to do things