1. The Impact of Judaism and Christianity on the Development of Democracy

2. The origins of Judaism
Early Hebrews

3. The history of the Hebrews, later called the Jews,
is contained in the first
five books of Hebrew scripture...
The
Torah

4. Around 2000 B.C.
God commands
Abraham to move
his people to Canaan
Abraham

5. Abraham had this crazy idea…

6. Abraham had this crazy idea…
One God!
MONOTHEISM

7. Beliefs of the Hebrews
God is perfect, all knowing, all powerful, and eternal
God wants more than for humans to perform rituals and give sacrifices
God wishes for people to live moral lives
The religion of the Hebrews was called Judaism

8. GOD
MAN
Humans are created
in God's image

9. This means that each human being has a divine spark that gives him or her a dignity that can never be taken away. For the Greeks and Romans, the individual had dignity because of his or her ability to reason. For the Hebrews, each person had dignity simply by being a child of God.

10. Jewish Law
Teaches Morality

11. Moses
13th century B.C.
God presents
Moses with
the written
law

12. TEN COMMANDMENTS Thou shalt have no other gods before me.
Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image.
Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD in vain.
Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.
Honour thy father and thy mother.
Thou shalt not kill.
Thou shalt not commit adultery.
Thou shalt not steal.
Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.
Thou shalt not covet any thing that is thy neighbour's.

13. The Ten Commandments
Unlike the laws of other peoples, the Hebrews’ code focused more on morality and ethics and less on political laws.
While the Hebrew code of justice was strict, it was softened by expressions of God’s mercy

14. Prophets spoke out in the name of God against war,
He has told you, O mortal, what is good; and what does the Lord require of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God?
Micah, 6:8
Prophets spoke out
in the name of God
against war,
oppression, and greed.

15. Jewish Social Conscience
The Jews believed that it is the responsibility of every person to oppose injustice and oppression and that the community should assist the unfortunate
Prophets maintained that life on earth could be improved if people adhered to higher moral standards

16. 1200 YEARS LATER

17. Rome owns everything, including Judaea

18. According to the
new testament...
Around 6
to 4 B.C. A
child is
born

19. Jesus of Nazareth Both a Jew and a Roman subject
Began to preach at the age of thirty
Emphasized God’s personal relationship with each human being
Stressed the importance of love for God, neighbors, enemies, & oneself in order to regulate behavior
People should repent their sins

20. I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you.
Sermon on
the Mount

21. ...some saw Jesus
as a political threat
and he was
turned over
to Roman
justice

22. According to Jesus’ followers, he rose from the dead three days later and ascended into heaven. His followers believed he was the Messiah, or savior. Jesus came to be referred to as Jesus Christ. Christos is a Greek word meaning “savior.” The word Christianity, the name of the religion founded by Jesus, was derived from the name Christ.

23. PAUL
Followers of Christianity began to spread the message that Jesus was the son of God and that he had died for peoples’ sins. They welcomed all converts, Jew and non-Jew.

24. Rome Spreads Judeo-Christian Ideas
Diaspora – after the Jews began to rebel against the Romans in the first century, they were exiled from their homeland
The Jews took their beliefs about justice and dignity with them
By 380, Christianity had become the official religion of the empire because of the Emperor Constantine

25. Islam
a quick
look at

26. The Dome
of the Rock
The
Kabba

27. The Muslim Religion All humans are of a brotherhood of people
Different groups should tolerate one another
One should offer charity to those in need
Rulers are subject to the same laws as those they rule

28. So all three monotheisms stress...
the equality
of people
before God
the worth of
the individual
the duty of
the individual
and the community
to combat oppression

29. Further down the timeline...
Roman
Catholic
Church
DON’T MESS WITH THE POPE!

30. Renaissance (14th-17th Centuries)

31. Advances in Artwork

32. Duccio Maestà Altarpiece (1308-1311)
Medieval Art
just doesn’t
quite look right…
Duccio Maestà Altarpiece ( )
Detail of The Effects of Good Government by Ambrogio Lorenzetti (1338)

33. But, during the Renaissance, they figure things out…
The Tribute Money by Masaccio (1420s)

34. The Birth of Venus for the Medici by Sandro Botticelli (1482-1486)

35. The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci (1495-1498)

36. Two Cherubs, detail from Sistine Madonna, by Raphael (1513-1514)

37. The Renaissance
Cultural movement that renewed interest in the classics, including art and restoring old monuments
Individualism became popular as people obtained responsibility and control of their lives
People became humanists (focused on human, rather than religious/spiritual, interests)

38. Who Am I?
MARTIN LUTHER

39. The Reformation
A religious reform movement occurring from abuses of power in the Catholic Church
Stressed individualism and the freedom of beliefs
Challenged the authority of monarchs and popes
Places value on liberty

40. ...Democracy!