1. Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin

2. Introduction Faces can be discriminated from other objects, even when they are not consciously visible However, it is not clear which type of subordinate information is processed (identity? Race? Gender? Expression? Just categorical?) Morris, J.P., Pelphrey, K.A. & McCarthy, G. (2007). Processing without awareness in the right fusiform gyrus. Neuropsychologia

3. Methods: Gender and Race Adaptation (Webster, Kaping, Mizokami & Kuhamel, 2004) Adaptor (male/female)Target (unclear gender) Adaptation effect = (%adaptor and target were incongruent ) - (%adaptor and target were congruent)

4. Methods Female male AsianEuropean

5. CFS (invisible) No CFS (visible) 1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms Dominant Methods

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42. Gender Race Non Dominant Methods 1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms

43. 300ms (ISI) Dominant 300ms (ISI) Methods

44. 300ms (ISI) Dominant 300ms (ISI) Methods

45. Predictions The occurrence of a bias when the adaptor is invisible would indicate that information about gender and race can be extracted from invisible faces. If the bias would occur only when the adaptors are visible, it would mean that such information is dependent on conscious awareness.

46. Results

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48. The Correlation between effect size and visibility p = 0.12 p < 0.025

49. Summary The goal of the present study was to determine whether information about race and gender can be processed without awareness. We examined whether the presentation of adaptor faces can bias the classification of an ambiguous face’s gender or race when the adaptor is not consciously visible.

50. Conclusions An adaptation effect occurred that correlates and increases with subjective visibility. Information about a faces gender and race depends on the amount of time that a face is subjectively visible for.