1. Putting the puzzle together: Connecting the HyperSAS with BreveBuster absorbance spectra, fluorometer, extracted chlorophyll and MODIS data. Blake A. Schaeffer, D. Kamykowski, J. M. Morrison, S. Banks, A. McCulloch, and W. V. Sweet

3. Introduction The Galapagos harbors such great diversity because of its positioning in a complex transition zone between tropical, subtropical and upwelled waters. Only place in the world where hammerhead sharks, penguins, and sealions co-exist on the same sub-tidal reef.

4. Introduction Three major current systems influence the Galapagos. Cool southern currents from the Humboldt (Peru) system influencing the southern islands. Warmer Panama currents that influence the northern islands. Strong, large-scale Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) upwelling in the western archipelago.

5. Focus The EUC is the major oceanographic feature affecting production in the Galápagos, and is strongly associated with local biogeography of marine species. Galápagos biogeography/marine ecosystem heterogeneity is a function of oceanographic patterning over small spatial, seasonal and inter-annual scales.

6. Goals Hyperspectral information combined with BreveBuster absorbance spectra, fluorometer, extracted chlorophyll and MODIS data will identify variability of phytoplankton biomass throughout the Galapagos. Hyperspectral information will elucidate phytoplankton taxonomy of the Galapagos with the support of HPLC pigment analysis, particulate absorption spectra and BreveBuster data.

7. Methods Sierra Negra 70 hydrographic stations 12 days

8. Phytoplankton –2–20  m net –2–20 meters depth Filtration –S–Surface only –E–Extracted chlorophyll a –P–Particulate absorption spectra Seapoint FL –T–Top 2 meters bin average Seapoint Fluorometer Phytoplankton tows Filtration

9. HyperSAS Methods MODIS –C–Chlorophyll a –S–SeaDAS v 4.9 BreveBuster –I–In situ spectrometer –P–Phytoplankton class spectral libraries –D–Day and night travel HyperSAS –1–166-channel MiniSpec radiance and irradiance sensors –D–Day travel only BreveBuster – Mote Marine Aquarium

10. March 2005 Chlorophyll a (  g/L) 084 089 Wet season Panama current dominates.

11. November 2005 Chlorophyll a (  g/L) 324 347 Transition from garua (dry) to wet season. Panama current replaces Peru current.

12. Transition from wet to garua (dry). June 2006 Chlorophyll a (  g/L) 190181

13. MODIS chlorophyll a shows similar trends and range to Seapoint FL chlorophyll a. MODIS chlorophyll a show similar trends to extracted chlorophyll a, but less agreement in range. HyperSAS identifies variability not present in MODIS chlorophyll a.

14. Remote sensing reflectance

15. Chlorophyll a Phycocyanin Chlorophyll a Carotenoids Particulate absorption

16. Particulate absorption spectra

17. BreveBuster Phytoplankton Class ID

19. Phytoplankton Tows

20. Future work HPLC pigment analysis –C–Chemtax Particulate absorption spectral library Remote sensing reflectance 4 th derivative analysis HyperSAS phytoplankton class spectral library Poster: 4.28-P Today 12:00 –S–Seasonality of phytoplankton distributions in the Galapagos Marine Reserve Chlorophyll a? Carotenoids? Chlorophyll a?

21. Thank you! Questions ?