1. Chapter 5 Section 3 Birth of the American Republic
Mr. Bellisario
Woodridge High School
First Period World History
September 4, 2013

2. Britain at Mid-Century
Britain was a constitutional monarchy (had a king/queen but more democratic & constitutional government, political parties, prime minister, cabinet)

3. Geography Great Britain is located on island Merchants sent ships to
West Indies
North America
India
Set up tiny settlements, led to building an empire

4. Success in war because of powerful navy (no strong army)
Tended to be on the winning side in European conflicts
Monopolized the slave trade = great wealth for merchants
Treaty of Utrecht
Result of war fought between Eng. and France because King Louis Philippe of France had tried to unite France & Spain
England won & got Nova Scotia & Newfoundland
Treaty of Paris
Ended Seven Years War/French & Indian War
Gave England all of French Canada
British East India Co. pushed France out of India

5. 1760 George III becomes king of England, wants to reassert power
What he wanted
End to Whig domination (Favored Parliament over monarch)
Dissolve cabinet system (restored in 1788, king might have a “mental illness”
Make Parliament do what HE wanted

6. American Colonies: Chief Characteristics
Commercial centers
Boston
New York
Philadelphia

7. American Colonies: Chief Characteristics
Navigation Acts (1600’s)
England controlled colonial trade & manufacturing, not enforced
Smuggling was common
Shared values (1700’s) of colonists
Respect for individual’s right to improve
Desire to separate from Great Britain

8. Displeasure led to the American Revolution
Colonists resented taxes without having a say or taxation without representation, both events below occurred in 1763
England enforced Navigation Acts (a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England and its colonies)
Had to pay for debts after Seven Years War (a.k.a. French & Indian War)

9. More Unhappiness: Sugar Act 1764

10. More More Unhappiness: Stamp Act 1765

11. More More More Unhappiness Boston Massacre 1770
5 colonists killed by British soldiers

12. More More More More Unhappiness Boston Tea Party 1773
Colonists dressed as Native Americans threw tons of tea in Boston Harbor
Protesting tax on tea

13. First Continental Congress (1774)
Met in Philadelphia to decide what action to take against British taxes
Set up Continental Army under command of George Washington

14. Revolutionary War Begins
War begins (Between England & colonists) with shots fired at Lexington and Concord

15. British Advantages Were professional soldiers
Huge fleet (powerful navy)
Money
1/3 of colonists were Loyalists (supported Britain & refused to fight in New York & Philadelphia)
Gave freedom to slaves who fought on British side

16. Colonial Advantages/Disadvantages
Colonist Advantages
Colonist Disadvantages
Fighting on own soil, more at stake
Knew and Controlled countryside
Few military resources or training
Little money to pay soldiers

17. Declaration of Independence (July 4 1776)
Written by Thomas Jefferson, ideas from John Locke)
Colonists right to revolt
Popular sovereignty (government power comes from the people)
Outlined colonists grievances against England & George III

18. French Alliance
French alliance (1777) colonial victory at Battle of Saratoga convinced France to help Colonist
Brought colonists supplies, trained soldiers & warships

19. Rough Times
Winter of 1777 & 1778 rough times for Colonists (Valley Forge)
Health conditions were terrible
Small Pox outbreak
Dysentery

20. Yorktown and Treaty of Paris (1781)
French fleet blockaded Chesapeake Bay
Washington forced British. surrender at Yorktown
British recognized American independence & America won all land east of Mississippi River

21. Articles of Confederation 1781-1789
Did not work!

22. 1787 Constitution Convention Philadelphia, PA
Because the Articles of Confederation did not work, a group of men including Ben Franklin, James Madison, and George Washington had to develop a new set of laws to govern the country

23. Reflects Enlightenment ideas
Constitution
Reflects Enlightenment ideas
3 Branches of Government (Montesquieu)
Each branch has the power to check each other
Legislature (make laws)
House of Representatives (based on population)
Senate (every state has two senators)
Judicial (interpret laws)
U.S. Supreme Court
Executive (Enforce laws)
President (George Washington)

24. Bill of Rights
The nice thing about the Constitution is that it can be changed
1st ten amendments are known as the Bill of rights or a person’s basic rights
Amendment #1, freedom of…
Religion
Speech
Press

25. Only white males who owned property could vote
Who was left out?
People with no property
Women
African-Americans
Native Americans
Only white males who owned property could vote