1. National Empowerment

2. Independence An important part of national empowerment An important part of national empowerment An independent nation is free to make its own decisions An independent nation is free to make its own decisions Canada was not independent at time of confederation in 1867 Canada was not independent at time of confederation in 1867 Canada was part of the British Empire Canada was part of the British Empire All decisions made in Canada had to be approved by Britain All decisions made in Canada had to be approved by Britain

4. Canada in the World At the beginning of 20 th century Canada was a very young country At the beginning of 20 th century Canada was a very young country Canadians had many different ideas about the best way for their country to grow as a nation Canadians had many different ideas about the best way for their country to grow as a nation

5. Plate from 1887 Celebrates Queen Victoria’s 50 th year of rule Celebrates Queen Victoria’s 50 th year of rule Many Canadians and Newfoundlanders took pride in their British Heritage Many Canadians and Newfoundlanders took pride in their British Heritage What groups may have had different thoughts? What groups may have had different thoughts?

6. A Daughter of the Empire In the past common to refer to countries as ‘she’ In the past common to refer to countries as ‘she’ Canada was called ‘daughter of the British Empire’ Canada was called ‘daughter of the British Empire’

7. The British Empire, Early 20 th Century In early 20 th century, approx. ¼ of world’s population lived in countries that were part of British Empire In early 20 th century, approx. ¼ of world’s population lived in countries that were part of British Empire Why do you think a common saying at the time was, “The sun never sets on the British Empire”? Why do you think a common saying at the time was, “The sun never sets on the British Empire”?

8. Political Ties Head of the British Empire was queen or king of England Head of the British Empire was queen or king of England Queen Victoria ruled 1837-1901 Queen Victoria ruled 1837-1901 King Edward ruled 1901-1910 King Edward ruled 1901-1910 King George V ruled 1910-1936 King George V ruled 1910-1936

9. In Early 1900s…… Britain had different political arrangements with countries it owned Britain had different political arrangements with countries it owned This had to do with how much control a colony had over its own affairs This had to do with how much control a colony had over its own affairs By 1910, Canada, Newfoundland, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa had almost complete control except for foreign policies By 1910, Canada, Newfoundland, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa had almost complete control except for foreign policies If England went to war, all countries went If England went to war, all countries went

10. Economic Ties In early 1900s, Canada and Newfoundland had strong economic ties to Britain In early 1900s, Canada and Newfoundland had strong economic ties to Britain Most of Canda’s exports were sold to Great Britain Most of Canda’s exports were sold to Great Britain Most of money invested in Canadain businesses came from Great Britain Most of money invested in Canadain businesses came from Great Britain In Newfoundland, the important trade in salt cod was mostly still controlled by Great Britain In Newfoundland, the important trade in salt cod was mostly still controlled by Great Britain

11. British Influence in Canada at the turn of the 20 th century National anthem was “ God Save the King” National anthem was “ God Save the King” Canada didn’t have an official National anthem until 1980 Canada didn’t have an official National anthem until 1980 O Canada was 1 st heard in 1901 but was not popular O Canada was 1 st heard in 1901 but was not popular

12. The Maple Leaf Forever Written in 1867 to celebrate confederation Written in 1867 to celebrate confederation Read the lyrics Read the lyrics Why was it not popular with the French? Why was it not popular with the French?

13. The Maple Leaf Forever

14. The Queen’s Birthday and Empire Day We still celebrate Queen Victoria’s birthday (May 24) on the first Monday before May 25th We still celebrate Queen Victoria’s birthday (May 24) on the first Monday before May 25th

15. Canada’s Flag at turn of century Our flag was the ‘Union Jack” Our flag was the ‘Union Jack” Today the Union Jack is often flown with the Canadian flag as a way of honouring our heritage Today the Union Jack is often flown with the Canadian flag as a way of honouring our heritage

16. British Currency Our currency was British Our currency was British

17. Our education was strongly influenced by British systems Our education was strongly influenced by British systems Our relations with other nations were handled by the ‘British Foreign affairs office” Our relations with other nations were handled by the ‘British Foreign affairs office” Our highest court was the British Court of Appeal Our highest court was the British Court of Appeal We played British sports (lawn bowling, croquet, cricket, curling) We played British sports (lawn bowling, croquet, cricket, curling)

18. Homework…