1. By: Wilmer Arellano

2.  We encourage our student to make successful designs.  Meet the needs of the Client  Meet the Need of the Market  Have global acceptance  Minimize the barriers to trade

3.  When selling products to a foreign country, if the goods do not comply with required standards, they might not be able to enter that country.  Starting on the 1st of August 2003, exported products to the People's Republic of China without CCC mark may be held at the border by Chinese Customs and subject to other penalties. ▪ China Compulsory Certification mark ▪ products related to human life and health, animals, plants, environmental protection and national security.

4.  The students need to write sections in their Design Proposal related to:  Local acceptability  Cultural acceptability

5.  Social acceptability?  Will there be a positive impact on the local culture.  Will there be a positive impact on general culture.  Globalization

6.  For the purpose of your proposal:  Include questions on Cultural Feasibility on your survey  Write the section of your proposal about social impact  Use your new knowledge and include a Cultural Feasibility item in your Feasibility section

8.  It’s an organization for liberalizing trade.  It’s a forum for governments to negotiate trade agreements.  It’s a place for them to settle trade disputes.  It operates a system of trade rules.  http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/ti f_e/fact1_e.htm

9.  Most-favored-nation (MFN): treating other people equally  Under the WTO agreements, countries cannot normally discriminate between their trading partners. Grant someone a special favor (such as a lower customs duty rate for one of their products) and you have to do the same for all other WTO members.

10.  National treatment:  Treating foreigners and locals equally  Imported and locally-produced goods should be treated equally, at least after the foreign goods have entered the market.  The same should apply to foreign and domestic services, and to foreign and local trademarks, copyrights and patents.

11.  Freer trade: gradually, through negotiation  Lowering trade barriers is one of the most obvious means of encouraging trade.  The barriers concerned include customs duties (or tariffs) and measures such as import bans or quotas that restrict quantities selectively.

12.  Predictability: through binding and transparency back to top  Sometimes, promising not to raise a trade barrier can be as important as lowering one, because the promise gives businesses a clearer view of their future opportunities.  With stability and predictability, investment is encouraged, jobs are created and consumers can fully enjoy the benefits of competition  In the WTO, when countries agree to open their markets for goods or services, they “bind” their commitments. For goods, these bindings amount to ceilings on customs tariff rates.

13.  Benefits of standardization and standards  The impact of standards can be felt around the globe as they affect world trade, ensure public safety and drive market developments. Worldwide, there are well over half a million published standards. Further, approximately, $1.5 (US) billion is invested globally each year in the creation and management of standards http://www.thinkstandards.net/benefits.html  In 1999, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development published a report which estimated that:  more than 80 percent of global product trade equivalent to at least $4 trillion and  at least $200 billion in transatlantic trade is affected by standards and technical regulations.

15.  The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations.  Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as  smoothly,  predictably and  freely as possible.

16.  ISO - together with  IEC (International Electro technical Commission) and  ITU (International Telecommunication Union)  has built a strategic partnership with WTO.

17.  ITU is the leading United Nations agency for information and communication technology issues, and  the global focal point for governments and the private sector in developing networks and services.

18.  ANSI facilitates the development of American National Standards (ANS) by accrediting the procedures of standards developing organizations (SDOs). e.g.,  IEEE,  INCITS (International Committee for Information Technology ),  TIA Telecommunication Industry Association), and  ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions ).

19.  Ambassador Philip L. Verveer, U.S. Coordinator for International Communications and Information Policy, is leading the U.S. delegation to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 2010 Plenipotentiary Conference, which takes place from October 4-22 in Guadalajara, Mexico.  Other members of the U.S. delegation include Federal Communications Commission Chairman Julius Genachowski, Special Assistant to the President and White House Cybersecurity Coordinator Howard A. Schmidt, and senior representatives from the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, the Department of Defense, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.  The Plenipotentiary Conference is a three week, high-level policy conference held every four years with the goal of setting the ITU general policies, adopting four-year strategic and financial plans, and electing the ITU senior management team, members of Council, and members of the Radio Regulations Board.

20.  Terms of Reference Development of ANSI strategic directions and policies related to international and regional standardization in the broadest sense (not exclusive to ISO and IEC);  General coordination and oversight of ANSI’s implementation of the relevant initiatives (5 and 7) of the U.S. National Standards Strategy. This includes coordination of the efforts of the ANSI ISO Council, AIF, USNC Council, USNC TMC, and the RSCs to ensure consistency/compatibility among them and advancement of the goals of the U.S. NSS;  Management of relationships with standards and standards- related organizations other than ISO and IEC, such as the ITU, the regional European organizations, PASC, COPANT, national standards organizations, etc. except as otherwise delegated by the ANSI Board of Directors to another body;

21.  Resolution of conflicting positions on issues of common concern to ISO and IEC. The IPC will make the final decisions on the common position to be submitted to both ISO and IEC when such conflicts exist. (Note: There may be cases where different positions may be submitted to both organizations due to sectoral considerations or inherent differences in the two organizations);  Coordination with the USTR on matters related to the WTO, FTAA and APEC SCSC, with the DoS on matters related to the ITU-T, and with other government agencies as appropriate; and  Reports to the ANSI Board of Directors and its Executive Committee

22.  “Without IEC standards, we cannot work.” (Kamal Gad, Chairman, ABB (Egypt))  “Standards today are a powerful tool both to promote and potentially to inhibit trade amongst nations, and companies that wish to survive must actively participate at all levels in the standards development process.” (Circuit Breakers Industries (South Africa))  “It ‘would be a catastrophe’ if Imetec were not involved directly in helping to develop standards because we would be operating without knowledge of the future.” (Arturo Morgandi, R&D Manager, Imetec (Italy))

23.  “If you control an industry’s standards, you control that industry lock, stock, and ledger” [“Out of the Crisis,” W. Edwards Deming, Published by the Center for Advanced Engineering Study, MIT (1986)]

24.  Technical regulations and product standards may vary from country to country. Having many different regulations and standards makes life difficult for producers and exporters. If regulations are set arbitrarily, they could be used as an excuse for protectionism.  The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade tries to ensure that regulations, standards, testing and certification procedures do not create unnecessary obstacles.