1. Conjunctions
Coordinate conjunctions- used to create compound sentences
Subordinate conjunctions- used to create complex sentences.
Correlative conjunctions- also used to create complex sentences. Always come in pairs of words.

2. Coordinate Conjunctions
Use to combine words and sentences
For
And
Nor
But Or
Yet
So (FANBOYS)
Example:
He did not like the pizza, but he did like the buffalo wings.
Martha and Melissa were studying chemistry in the college library.

3. Subordinate Conjunctions
Use to combine dependent and independent clauses. Subordinate conjunction can either come a the beginning of a sentence or can be found within the sentence.
Although If
After
While As
Whereas
Even(though)

4. Subordinate Conjunctions Cont’
Dependent clause- a group of words that can not stand along. It needs something else to make it complete. A dependent clause will generally begin with a subordinate conjunction.
Examples:
Because you like the way they sound,
After the drama ended,
While the student pondered the problem,

5. Subordinate Conjunction Cont’
Independent Clause- group of words that can stand along and is used to make a dependent clause make sense.
Example
You will want to imitate certain sentences.
All the player took a bow.
His dog soiled his homework

6. Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions- a pair of words that shows the relationship (compare or contrast) two ideas in a sentence. Correlative conjunctions will always come in pairs.
Either, or
Neither, nor
Not only, but also
Both, and
If, then

7. Correlative Conjunctions Cont’
Example
You have a choice or either spaghetti or lasagna for the reception dinner.
If you do not make a choice, then the decision will be made for you.
Not only did she eat the pie, but she also at the cake.

8. Compound Complex Sentences
Special Cases of Compound Sentences
When a coordinating conjunction joins two complex sentences, or one simple sentence and one complex sentence, it is called a compound-complex sentence:
Mrs. Johnson was a wonderful English teacher; however, she was constantly absent due to her devasating illness.

9. Compound Complex Sentences Cont’
It is possible to join two originally separate sentences into a compound sentence using a semicolon instead of a coordinating conjunction:
Example:
To write about people, you need to know about people; to write about blood hounds, you have to know about bloodhounds. (James Thurber)

10. Compound Complex Sentences Cont’
Usually, a transitional or linking word such as "however“, "consequently“ or “therefore” will appear near the beginning of the second part, but it is not required:
My mornings start out pretty hectic; however, they get progressively better.
Timothy finally received an A+ in math; therefore, he was allowed to attend the 8th grade formal.

11. Things to Avoid (Run-on & Comma Splice)
Run-on sentences- two independent clauses that have been joined together instead of properly separated.
Example: Tom read the novel, his friends saw the movie
My grandmother refuses to go to bed early, she thinks she is going to miss out on some of the action.
A comma is not used to separate to independent clauses. When you do so you create a comma splice.

12. How to Fix Run-On’s and Comma Splices
There are three ways to correct run-on sentences and comma splices.
Place a period after the first clause and capitalize the first letter of the second; in other words, start a new sentence.
Example:
Tom read the novel. His friend saw the movie.
My grandmother refuses to go to bed early. She thinks she is going to miss out on some of the action.

13. How to Fix Run-On’s and Comma Splices
Keep the comma and add a coordinating conjunction
Example:
Tom read the novel, and his friend saw the movie.
My grandmother refuses to go to bed early, for she thinks she is going to miss out on some of the action.

14. How to Fix Run-On’s and Comma Splices
Place a semicolon (not a comma) between the independent clauses.
Example:
Tom read the novel; his friend saw the movie.
My grandmother refuses to go to bed early; she thinks she is going to miss out on some of the action.

15. Things to Avoid (Fragments)
Fragment- a sentence this is missing either a subject (noun being talked about) or a predicate (action being done). A fragment does not express a complete thought.
Example:
The candidate addressing the crowd
While the candidate addressing the crowd

16. How to fix a Fragment
Simply add the missing part, that is either the missing subject or the missing predicate.
Example:
The candidate addressing the crowd presented his platform in an authoritarian manner.
While the candidate addresses the crowd, his campaign members prepared for the next speech.

17. Things to Avoid (Unclear Reference)
Unclear reference (dangling participle)-occurs when there is not a clear reference to what is doing or receiving the action. A participle is a word that looks like a verb but functions as an adjective.
Example:
Rushing out the door, his keys were forgotten.
Spending money like a drunken sailor, his fortune was soon gone.