1. "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears…”
… and listen to this PowerPoint presentation on William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar
Grade 10
Elizabeth Kamerzel
Objectives
Slide Program Menu

2. Objectives
Name the eight different types of figurative speech used in the play when asked.
Be able to locate an instance of each figure of speech in the play OR be able to compose your own example when asked.

3. Slide Program Menu Slide 1- Home Slide Slide 8- Hyperbole
Slide 2- Objectives
Slide 3- Program Menu
Slide 4- List of Figurative Speech in Julius Caesar
Slide 5- Anaphora
Slide 6- Metaphor
Slide 7- Alliteration
Slide 8- Hyperbole
Slide 9- Apostrophe
Slide 10- Personification
Slide 11- Allusion
Slide 12- Irony
Slide 13- Simile
Slide 14- Two figures of speech at work
Slide 15- Romans, ho!

4. Why is Julius Caesar such an effectively written play?
Figures of Speech!
Anaphora
Metaphor
Alliteration
Hyperbole
Apostrophe
Personification
Allusion
Irony

5. Anaphora
“You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things!” –Marullus to commoners, Act I, Scene I
The deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive verses, clauses, or paragraphs is anaphora.
Anaphora occurs in the repetition of “you”

6. Metaphor
a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity
“You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things!” -Marullus to commoners, Act I, Scene I
“I know he would not be a wolf,/ But that he see the Romans are but sheep:/ He were no lion, were not Romans hinds.” –Casca to Cassius and Brutus, Act I, Scene III
Comparison of Caesar to a wolf and a lion, comparison of the Romans to sheep, hinds
Comparison of spectators to inanimate objects, rocks

7. Alliteration
The repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables; predominantly consonantal
“There are no tricks in plain and simple faith;/ But hollow men, like horses hot at hand,/ Make gallant show and promise of their mettle…”- Brutus, Act IV, Scene II

8. Hyperbole
A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect
“For if thou path, thy native semblance on,/ Not Erebus itself were dim enough/ To hide thee from prevention.” - Brutus, Act II, Scene I
“thou” refers to personified Conspiracy
The exaggeration is indicating that even the darkest of places, Erebus, would not be dim enough to hide the conspiracy unless appropriate measures are taken to conceal it-- that’s how terribly conspiracy or subterfuge makes itself known and appears if one does not take care to hide it.

9. Apostrophe
The direct address of an absent or imaginary person or of a personified abstraction, especially as a digression in the course of a speech or composition.
“O conspiracy,/ Shamest thou to show thy dangerous brow by night,/ When evils are most free? O, then by day/ Where wilt thou find a cavern dark enough/ To mask thy monstrous visage? Seek none, conspiracy;/ Hide it in smiles and affability”- Brutus, Act II, Scene I
Brutus talks to conspiracy-- a personified abstraction-- a sort of digression or even an aside about his thoughts on the group of conspirators that have showed up at his house hidden head to toe in their cloaks; if they are afraid to be seen at night, how will they hide their true feelings in daylight? The effect of the apostrophe is…?

10. Personification
A figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form. Also called prosopopeia.
“Danger knows full well/ that Caesar is more dangerous than he.”- Caesar, Act II, Scene II
“O murd’rous slumber!/ Layest thou thy leaden mace upon my boy,/ That plays thee music?”- Brutus, Act IV, Scene III

11. Allusion The act of alluding; making an indirect reference
“A friendly eye could never see such faults.” “A flatterer’s would not, though they do appear/ As huge as high Olympus.”- Cassius and Brutus, Act IV, Scene III

12. Irony
a. The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning. b. An expression or utterance marked by a deliberate contrast between apparent and intended meaning. c. A literary style employing such contrasts for humorous or rhetorical effect.
Marc Antony’s funeral oration in Act III, Scene II is ironic throughout. He comes to “bury Caesar, not to praise him,” he does praise Caesar for the burgeoning treasury, his sympathy to the poor, and for refusing the crown. Antony goes on to praise Brutus as an “honourable man” even though the context indicates he means anything but.

13. Simile
A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as
“Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world/ Like a Colossus, and we petty men/ Walk under his huge legs and peep about/ To find ourselves dishonourable graves.”- Cassius to Brutus, Act I, Scene II

14. “Veni, Vidi, Vici!”