1. Early Civilizations Economy Farming, iron & gold Culture Music & dance important History passed down through storytelling Society Village community: center of life Men and women had very different jobs in the community Slavery practiced

2. 1890 1914

3. “Scramble for Africa” 1881-1914 Source For Raw Materials Markets for Finished Goods European Nationalism Missionary Activity Military & Naval Bases Why did Europeans want to Colonize Africa? God, Glory & Gold Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Population Social & Economic Opportunities Humanitarian Reasons “White Man’s Burden” Social Darwinism European Racism Industrial Revolution

4. Berlin Conference 1884  Europeans met in and drew in boundary lines creating new countries. Not a single African was asked for their input.  boundaries combined people of different ethnic groups, religions, culture.  Caused more than 100 years of fighting that continues today.  https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=PvpDuNIBTKc https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=PvpDuNIBTKc

5. 1890 1914

6. Africa Culture Regions Today… Does it match current country borders?

7.  1948-1994: Apartheid (legal segregation) enforced by the white/British (Afrikaner) gov’t in South Africa Apartheid in South Africa

8. Nelson Mandela was jailed for 27 years in his fight against apartheid…

9. He lived to vote in the first racially democratic election….1994

10. And become president of South Africa… South African President Nelson Mandela, center, flanked by his two deputy presidents, Thabo Mbeki, left and F.W. de Klerk, right, celebrate the new constitution, May 8, 1996.

11. South Africa Post(after)Apartheid  Apartheid has ended but racism still exists.  Whites still wealthier & enjoy a standard of living similar to that of the most developed countries.  Unemployment, AIDS, lack of housing, poverty and crime are the major problems today.

12. Rwanda Hutu-Tutsi Genocide  Belgian colonists favored Tutsi tribe. Divided into tribes based on looks.  Tutsi believed to be of European descent (lighter skin, taller, larger skulls)  Tutsi given better jobs, Hutu treated poorly  April 1994 - July 1994 the Hutu started killing Tutsi  Hutu goal: Kill off ALL of the Tutsi (genocide) – the world watched and did nothing to stop the Hutu  100 days – Over 1 million people dead/ 20% of the country’s population (men, women, children) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pl-9YfTNK_o