1. Miss G. & Ms. Davenport

2. What is Marine Biology? What can you do with a career in Marine Biology?career

3. What is Marine Biology? What can you do with a career in Marine Biology?career

4. What is Marine Biology? What can you do with a career in Marine Biology?career

5. But… Before you can start diving with killer whales, dolphins, and sharks you must know a little about their world! Everything we discuss in this class and prepare you for a jump start to a career in Marine Biology!! Stop me at ANY time if you have questions, comments, or concerns!

6. Marine Scientists Marine scientists classify marine environments into many different regions based on physical characteristics. The ocean is classified into different zones or regions based on light, depth, temperature, density, latitude, and distance from the shore or a combination of these.zones

7. Photic Zone versus Aphotic Zone Photic Zone – is the depth to which light penetrates Ex. Epipelagic Zone and the Neritic Zone Aphotic Zone – this is the layer of water that light can’t penetrate. Ex. Mesopelagic, Bathypelagic, Abyssopelagic, Hadalpelagic

8. Location The Pelagic Zone is the water column portion. 1) Neritic zone – is the water located nearest the coast (coastal zone) between the low tide mark to the edge of the continental shelf. 2) Oceanic zone – is the open water area beyond the neritic zone. The oceanic zone is further divided into five separate regions.

9. Pelagic Zone

10. The Neritic Zone There are three zones located near the Neritic Zone: Supralittoral Zone – splash zone Littoral Zone – this is the intertidal zone. It’s the area between high tide and low tide. Sublittoral Zone – this is area below the low water mark and the edge of the continental shelf.

11. Neritic Zone

12. The Ocean Divisions There are two basic divisions of the ocean: The Neritic Zone The Oceanic Zone

13. Oceanic Zones Regions The Oceanic Zone is further divided into five vertical regions: 1)Epipelagic zone – top layer sun light penetrates 2)Mesopelagic zone – sunlight reaches, but not strong enough to support much life 3)Bathypelagic zone – deep water in the open ocean 4)Abyssalpelagic zone – even deeper water in oceanic trenches 5)Hadalpelagic zone – is the deepest water in the oceanic trenches

14. Benthic Zone The Benthic zone is the lowest area in a body of water, below 200m. In regards to the ocean the Benthic Zone includes the: Mesopelagic zone Bathypelagic zone Abyssalpelagic zone Hadalpelagic zone

16. Marine Bio- Day 3&4 Drill: Compare and contrast the epipelagic and mesopelagic zones. Outcome: Discuss the zones of the ocean by classifying biotic organisms and the food webs they fit into Agenda: Review Zones Discuss organisms found in each zone Explain the importance of food webs and how they differ in zones as the zone decreases

17. Label the Zones… the zones… the zones… let’s label the zones of the open seeeeeeeaaa!!!the zones Neritic Zone: Oceanic Zone:

18. Who lives where?! Watch the video on The Ocean Floors and take note of the different biotic and abiotic factors that make up each.The Ocean Floors

19. Pelagic Zone

20. Marine Lifestyle Marine life is incredibly diverse. Scientists use groups and subgroups based on common physical characteristics to discuss them. Three types of lifestyles include: 1)Plankton are the group of organisms that exist adrift the ocean currents. ^ Neuston are those plankton that float at the surface, for example Portuguese Man-of –War.

21. Plankton

22. Marine Lifestyle cont. 2)Nekton are the organisms that swim, from small invertebrates to large whales. Most of the seas’ predators are Nekton. The majority of Nekton are vertebrates.

23. Marine Lifestyle cont. 3)Benthos are organisms that live on or in the bottom. They can move about or be sessile. Sessile organisms are attached to the sea floor.

24. Marine Lifestyle cont. Benthos are divided into three categories: 1)Epiphauna – are those animals, such as crabs, that live on the sea floor. 2)Epiflora – are plants, such as seagrasses, that live on the sea floor. 3)Infauna – are organisms that are partially or completely buried in the sea floor… such as clams, sand dollars, tubeworms, and sea pens. Most Infauna are either “deposit feeders” or “suspension feeders.” (Deposit feeders feed off detritus down from above. Suspension feeders filter particles (mostly plankton) suspended in the water for food.)

25. Epiphauna, Epiflora, or Infauna? Infauna – “Sea Pens” Epiflora – “Sea Grasses” Epifauna – “Crab”

28. Competition What is Competition? When two or more species compete for the same resource. Ex. Living space, food, mates There are two types of competition: Interspecific - between species Intraspecific - within one species

29. Competitive Exclusion What is Competitive Exclusion? When a less successful species is replaced by a more successful one. This happens often when an invasive species appears.

30. Symbiosis Symbiosis - close ecological relationship between the individuals of two (or more) different species Four examples of symbiosis: 1)Parasitism – One benefits, the other is harmed (+, - ) 2)Commensalism – One benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed ( +, O ) 3)Mutualism – Both benefit ( +, + ) 4)Predator/Prey – One hunts and kills the other (+, - )

31. Parasitism Examples Grouper Fish with a parasiteHammerhead Shark with a parasite

32. Commensalism Examples Whale shark with a remora fishShark with a remora fish Remora fish

33. Mutualism Examples Boxer Crab and anemone Clown Fish and anemone

34. Predator/Prey Examples Great White and seal Orcas and seal

35. Marine Food Web - and – Food Chain