1. Detection, Identification, and Correlation of Complex Organic Molecules in 32 Interstellar Clouds Using Submm Survey Observations Nadine Wehres, Shiya Wang, Mary Radhuber, Jim Sanders, Jay Kroll, Jake Laas, Luyao Zou, Brian Hays, Trevor Cross, Susanna Widicus Weaver Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Darek Lis Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 Eric Herbst Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA

2. Molecular Line Surveys using Broadband Heterodyne Receivers  Probe multiple transitions of many molecules simultaneously in a broad energy range  Detailed picture of the physical and chemical conditions (T,  )  Insight into ongoing chemistry, including reaction networks  Input and proof of concept for astrochemical models  Deeper understanding of the formation, destruction, and reaction pathways of these complex species

3. CSO and Herschel  Caltech Submillimeter Observatory Zrx and broadband sidecab Rx Coverage: 219,300 – 267,100 MHz Resolution: 1 MHz  Herschel Space Observatory Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-IR (HIFI) Band 2: 647,700 – 676,200 MHz Band 5: 1,139,700 – 1,168,000 MHz Resolution : 134 kHz – 1 MHz ESA / AOES Medialab HST, NASA/ ESA/ STScI

4. 32 Sources in Star Forming Regions Shocks and outflows, Hot Cores/Hot Corinos, Quiescent Clouds, ambient/cold clouds, HII Integration to ~ 20 mK average

5. Initial Analysis: 12 Molecular Targets  Complex organic molecules (COMs) with specific functional groups that trace formation pathways and physical conditions  Products of gas phase and grain surface chemistry  Initial constraints of associated formation pathways can be determined through these molecules

6. CSO Line Surveys

7. Herschel HIFI Line Surveys ESA / AOES Medialab HST, NASA/ ESA/ STScI

8. GOBASIC – Global Optimization and Analysis Software for Interstellar Chemistry Simulation for DR21OH created with GOBASIC in the MATLAB program suite GOBASIC, Radhuber et al. A&A in revision Input: JPL/CDMS catalog files Output: Column densities, Trot, Spectra are simulated under the assumption of LTE

9. Correlation Diagram of Methyl Cyanide vs Methanol Orion *NGC6334_I(N) * Brightest known source of ammonia emission in the sky (Forster et al. 1987 )

10. Correlation Diagram of Ethyl Cyanide vs Methanol

11. Correlation Diagram of Sulfur Dioxide vs Methanol NGC6334_I(N)

12. Correlation Diagram of Methyl Formate vs Methanol

13. Correlation between Dimethyl Ether vs Methanol NGC6334_I(N)

14. Work in Progress: CARMA Maps Friedel and Widicus Weaver, ApJS., 201, 17, 2012. CARMA maps of molecular emission contours overlaid on a Methanol temperature map of Orion-KL Methyl FormateEthyl Cyanide

15. Conclusions  Surveys of 32 star forming regions have been obtained and deconvolution of the double sideband spectra has been performed using CLASS  Initial analysis focuses on 12 complex organic species  Analysis performed using the GOBASIC program suite assuming LTE  Additional CARMA maps will give spatial information for molecules  Correlation of column densities may indicate related chemistry in the formation and destruction of molecules.

16. Acknowledgements The Widicus Weaver Group: Bridget DePrince, Brian Hays, Jake Laas, Mary Radhuber, Jim Sanders, AJ Mesko Trevor Cross, Luyao Zou