1. Honors Marine Biology Module 3: Part 2 Algae, Fungi, Sea Grasses and Mangroves

2. Class Challenge

3. Notebook Checks Those students who had incomplete work from last week’s notebook check, please have your work recorded before you leave class today.

4. Quiz # 5 Name the Scientific Classification of Organisms (Table 2.6)

5. The Scientific Classification of Organisms Kingdom 7 points Total Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (King Philip Cried Out For Goodness Sake)

6. Field Trip Next Week Permission Slips Rides: We will be leaving from class and returning back to class by 1:00pm. Bring: Water-Sun Screen-Towel – Lab book and pencil/pen Wear cloths that can get wet

7. SEAPERCH AUVSI Foundation (Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International)

8. Kingdom Protista: Multicellular Algae Seaweeds, multicellular algae are all eukaryotic and have more complex structures and more intricate reproductive strategies than single-cell algae. They are found on hard rocky surfaces, depths of 200 meters, and they form forests of kelp.

9. Seaweeds can influence the environmental conditions for other marine organisms by providing food, wave protection, and even a place upon which to attach.

10. Structures of Seaweed They do not have true leaves, stems and roots like plants. Their body is called the thallus, which is the complete body of an alga, not differentiated into true leaves, stems and roots. Blades – pneumatocysts – stipe- holdfast See Figure 3.6 (page 65)

11. Green Algae Phylum Chlorophyta These organisms are widespread, occurring in marine environments, fresh water, and even on land. Only 10% of the species are marine, yet you can sometimes find dense populations of these in certain ocean environments. Green Algae have chlorophyll as their main photosynthetic pigment so their thallus appears bright green.

12. Some of the simpliest green algae Are planktonic with flagella and can cause blooms in tide pools or salt water marshes in the tropics. Some form filamentous, growing on many surfaces such as rocks in shallow water, tide pools, and even on other algae.

13. Ulva, Green Algae Is found in extremely diverse environments. It has a thallus that is flattened into a very thin sheet only two cell layers thick and is commonly called “sea lettuce.” The genus Caulerpa has many different species that grow in the tropics, displaying a great assortment of shapes

14. Halimeda (Figure 3.7, page 66) Deposits calcium carbonate on their green thalli and are found on coral reefs or in bays. These actually form limestone in the sediment.

15. Brown Algae (Phylum Phaeophyta) They are mostly found in marine and inhabit cold waters. They have chlorophyll, it is often masked by yellowish pigment that results in an olive or brownish color. The walls of these algae contain algin. If you have ever eaten pudding, ice cream, or bottled salad dressing, you have eaten algin.

16. Fucus, Sargassum and Macrocystis (or Kelp) Ficus (or rockweed) is found on rocky shores. Sargassum: most species of this genus grow on rocks,but two species float off the atlantic coast of North America. They do not attach themselves, but have numerous grape- like pneumatocysts to so they can float. They are called Sargasso Sea and act as floating nurseries. Macrosystic (or Kelp): This genus contains the largest kelp which can grow to 100 meters. They can grow 2 feet per day and are harvested in many parts of the world for food. Their forests provide a very productive ecosystem.

17. Red Algae (Phylum Rhodophata) There are more red algae species than both green and brown but together. They are reddish from pigments called phycobilins which mask their chlorophyll. This pigment excel in dimly lit situations to produce photosynthesis at depths below 200 meters. Red Algae is a source of agar, a substance scientists use to grow bacteria. It is also a source of carrageenan which is an emulsifying agent for food.

18. Four Basic Life Cycles of Marine Algae (Figure 3.9) The Life cycle of Green Algae http://youtu.be/0bxK7eXfsAc

19. Kingdom Fungi Marine fungi behave life bacteria by decomposing dead organic matter. The other types exist with algae in a relationship known as symbiosis. In this situation a new organism, a lichen results. Symbiosis: is a close relationship between two species where at least one benefits. Lichen: An organism that results from the symbiosis between a fungus and an alga.

20. So how does this work?? In this symbiotic relationship, the fungus provides the organism’s support with its filamentous structure, and the alga provide food produced from photosynthesis. Both organisms contribute something to this association and both benefit.

21. Kingdom Plantae 1.Sea grasses are completely marine. 2.Salt water march plants 3.Mangroves

22. Sea grasses (Figure 3.10) There are 45 species of seagrasses around the world, many are restricted to the shallow water of the warm tropics. They looks like vascular plants that reproduce with flowers and seeds. However, they behave differently. Long flat sea grass leaves provide shelter and food for many animals and also help hold the sandy ocean bottom in place.

23. Most sea grasses sent out horizontal stems that hold them down in the sediment or onto rocks. From these stems they send out vertical leaves. They do not have to produce large flowers because water currents move the male gamete (pollen).

24. Eel grass: Turtle grass:

25. Salt Water Marsh Plants They are not really marine plants, but they are land plants that can withstand a salty environment. Only their roots are submerged in seawater, and only at high tides. These grasses lives in temperate regions of the world in soft, sandy areas along the coast. They have special glands in their leaves to remove the excess salts from their cells.

26. Mangroves Like salt water marsh plants, mangroves are salt-tolerant plants. Unlike marsh grasses, they cannot tolerate frost. They are found in the tropics and subtropics.

27. Red Mangroves

28. White Mangroves

29. Black Mangroves

30. Experiment 3.B: Sea Grass To Observe the different species of sea grass. To observe the epiphytes on the sea grasses.

31. Experiment 3.C: Mangrove Identification To examine and identify the 3 different kinds of mangroves. Prop root structure Propagules Leaves Red, White, Black.

32. Tropical Zonation of Mangroves

33. Homework Finish Module 3 OYO and Study guide questions. Complete Labs 3.B: Sea Grass and 3.C: Mangroves. Take Module 3 Test Begin reading Module 4 (pages 77-87) Field Trip to South Lido Park next week.