1. Research Paper Structure and Objectives (THIS SOUNDS BORING BUT IT IS USEFUL!) So here is a cute puppy….

2. Your Research Paper’s SIX Objectives! Oh nooo, SIX?!

3. Clearly state your issue and explains its significance – Basically, tell me your issue and what the PROBLEM is! – Your paper also needs to have OUTREACH to the audience, let the reader KNOW why your issue is IMPORTANT

4. Explore all aspects of the problem – Understand your issue! READ, READ, READ – Make sure you annotate and engage in the research process FULLY – (DON’T JUST TRY TO TAKE INFO OUT OF YOUR REASEARCH! Read to understand.) – You may only be putting a small amount of information into your paper, however, you need to be an EXPERT on your topic before you begin to write!

5. Explain the main causes, effects, and solutions of your issue – As an EXPERT on your topic you need to do the following: Explain CLEARLY the main causes of your issue Also explain what these causes lead to. – What are the effects? – How do they affect others? Then discuss the main solutions that people have proposed or are doing to solve the problems with your issue!

6. Offer one (or more) feasible (realistic) and research supported solution(s) and explain your reasoning behind your choice – You are required to offer at least one solution found in your research that you think is the best possible solution for your issue Keep in mind, if you decide to write about more than one solution you are committing to another paragraph – For your proposed solution, your must offer 3 GOOD reasons (P2s) in your paper

7. Use strong evidence/supporting details (P2s): anecdotes, facts, examples, and statistics – Anecdotes means short little stories or examples that prove your point. For example if you are arguing that a good solution to stop drunk driving is to make a law requiring police safety breathalyzer stops at the beginning of all neighborhoods you could tell a story about how many drunk drivers were arrested one night when police officers decided to use this solution. – Choose evidence/details that are STRONG!

8. Explain what readers can do to solve the problem (strong outreach) – Make sure when you research you find practical ideas for your reader to do to help solve the problem or at least reduce the problem – If your reader can see ways that they can get involved, this will help make your paper more powerful because your reader will be able to relate and hopefully CARE For example on a paper about teen crime your proposed solution could have been to create more afterschool activities targeted toward these teens. However, your outreach for your reader could be that parents should set curfews for their teens in the evening and teens themselves should choose to come home before dark as this is when the most teen violence occurs. Therefore, teens will either not have the opportunity to commit teen violence or on the other hand become of victim of this violence.

9. Your Research Paper’s SIX Objectives! 1.Cleary state your issue and explains its significance (importance) 2.Explore all aspects (parts) of the problem 3.Explain the main causes, effects, and solutions of your issue 4.Offer one (or more) feasible (realistic) and research supported solution(s) and your reasoning behind your choice 5.Use strong evidence/supporting details (P2s): anecdotes (stories), facts, examples, and statistics 6.Explain what readers can do to solve the problem (strong outreach)

10. H.O.T + 3 PP + S.T.O.P

11. Basic Outline – H.O.T (Introduction) H.O.T: – H = Hook One sentence – O = Overview Minimum of four sentences Clearly defines the Problem States why issue is important (especially to the reader) – T = Thesis Statement one or two sentences Firmly state issue and its effect(s). Confidently state best solution.

12. Basic Outline – 3PP (Body) 3PP: – 1PP = Causes and Effects P1 = Topic Sentence P2 = Causes P3 = Effects about cause in connected P2 P4 = Transition Sentence – 2PP = Possible Solutions P1 = Topic Sentence P2 = Solutions P3 = Details about solutions in connected P2 P4 = Transition Sentence – 3PP = Your Solution and Reasoning P1 = Topic Sentence (Your Chosen Solution) P2 = Reasons for Chosen Solution P3 = Detail about Reasons in connected P2 P4 = Transition Sentence

13. Basic Outline – S.T.O.P (Conclusion) S.T.O.P – S = Sum-Up – T = Thesis Revisit Restate your thesis! Two Sentences – O = Outreach Restate why important to reader Things your reader can do Details about people/organizations who are working on chosen solution – P = POW! One or two sentences Leave your reader thinking!

14. Some Differences: Only a few things are different! Thesis = new formula! A couple of things in H.O.T (Introduction), 3PP (3 body paragraphs), and S.T.O.P are a little more SPECIFIC! – BUT we’ll get to that…..

15. Research Paper Thesis A thesis gives direction to your paper YOUR research paper thesis formula: – [Firmly state issue and its effect(s). – Confidently state best solution.

16. Thesis Formula examples: Firmly state issue and its effect(s). Confidently state best solution. Example # 1: – Pollution is causing the destruction of our oceans’ ecosystems and can be stopped by reducing the amount of plastic thrown away into our environment. Example # 2: – Global warming is a huge issue that is raising sea levels worldwide. The best solution to stop Global warming is to make a law forcing all Americans to drive hybrid cars.

17. What’s Different about this Thesis? It can be two sentences instead of one! State your Topic instead of your Stand Paper’s thesis is more SPECIFIC

18. What’s Similar about this Thesis? Still three main things about your topic to write about and structure the rest of your paper You are still taking a stand about your opinion but only in your last 3PP paragraph, instead of in all off your body paragraphs

19. Thesis Practice with Your Group Firmly state issue and its effect(s). EX: Factory farming is inhumane and has negative effects on both humans and animals. Confidently state best solution. EX: Factory farming should be eliminated and replaced with sustainable farming.

20. Practice # 1 Homelessness in Hawaii is causing tourists to not want to come back to Hawaii. The best solution is to build new governmental housing for all in people in Hawaii who cannot afford their own housing.

21. Practice # 2 The issue of turtle abuse in Hawaii is leading to a decline in the numbers of turtles that come to Hawaii each year. The best solution is to work to educate others, especially tourists, about the detrimental effects of turtle abuse.

22. Practice # 3 Highway littering causes many problems, including huge costs to the government, which has to spend millions each year to pick up the trash left behind by motorists. The best solution to this problem is to increase the dollar amount of fines given to people who litter.

23. So now…. We have learned about our Research Paper thesis, the BACKBONE of our paper. What does this tell us that we NEED to FOCUS on during our research? There are three things: – Causes and Effects – Solutions – Research about one solution (the solution you thought was the best) You will need AT LEAST three details about this solution

24. Structure for Research Paper Now that we went over the THESIS- the most important part of the paper, we will be continuing to go over how we are structuring our Research Paper as we conduct our research into these issues! Here is our Basic Outline!

25. Basic Outline – H.O.T (Introduction) H.O.T: – H = Hook – O = Overview Clearly defines the Problem States why issue is important (especially to the reader) – T = Thesis Statement

26. 3 Body Paragraphs – 1PP = Causes and Effects P1 = Topic Sentence P2 = Causes P3 = Effects about cause in connected P2 P4 = Transition Sentence

27. 3 Body Paragraphs – 2PP = Possible Solutions P1 = Topic Sentence P2 = Solutions P3 = Details about solutions in connected P2 P4 = Transition Sentence

28. 3 Body Paragraphs – 3PP = Your Solution and Reasoning P1 = Topic Sentence (Your Chosen Solution) P2 = Reasons for Chosen Solution P3 = Detail about Reasons in connected P2 P4 = Transition Sentence

29. Basic Outline – S.T.O.P (Conclusion) S.T.O.P – S = Sum-Up – T = Thesis Revisit Restate the causes, effects, solutions, and YOUR solution! Two Sentences – O = Outreach Re-state why important to reader Things your reader can do Details about people/organizations who are working on chosen solution – P = POW!